---
title: injunction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «injunction» in the school dictionary: An injunction is an order from a court telling someone that they must or must not do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# injunction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** injunction, court, mother, company, Breaking, Mum · **What happens:** be, tell, not do, enjoin, issue, stop · **To what, where:** order, court, someone, something, injunction, building work · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«injunction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [injunction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/injunction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injunction is an order from a court telling someone that they must or must not do something.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:m1:1
# text = An injunction is an order from a court telling someone that they must or must not do something.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl:relcl	_	_
18	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a injunction | a order |  | a court |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a court *not said here* |  | someone |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 3 | **not** **do** | must |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A firm warning or instruction: his mother's injunction to be home before dark.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:m2:1
# text = A firm warning or instruction: his mother's injunction to be home before dark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	home	home	ADV	RB	_	10	acl	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | before dark | home *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **enjoin** |  | his mother |  |  |  |  |  | nom injunction «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The court issued an injunction to stop the building work.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x1:1
# text = The court issued an injunction to stop the building work.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	issued	issue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **issue** | past | the court | a injunction |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location injunction=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | the court *not said here* | the building work |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality work=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company got an injunction against the protesters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x2:1
# text = The company got an injunction against the protesters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	protesters	protester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the company | a injunction |  |  |  | against the protesters | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer injunction=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breaking an injunction can lead to a fine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x3:1
# text = Breaking an injunction can lead to a fine.
1	Breaking	break	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fine	fine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | gerund |  | a injunction |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer injunction=Patient |
| 2 | **lead** | can | Breaking |  |  |  |  | to a fine | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to fine=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum's injunction was clear: no screens after bedtime.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x4:1
# text = Mum's injunction was clear: no screens after bedtime.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Mum's injunction |  |  |  |  | no screens after bedtime *obl*; clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **enjoin** |  | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | nom injunction «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge refused to grant an injunction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x5:1
# text = The judge refused to grant an injunction.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grant	grant	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | the judge |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **grant** | to-infinitive | the judge *not said here* | a injunction |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent injunction=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injunction can protect a person from someone who has been threatening them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x6:1
# text = An injunction can protect a person from someone who has been threatening them.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux	_	_
12	threatening	threaten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | can | a injunction |  | a person |  |  | from someone | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent person=Beneficiary from someone=Theme |
| 2 | **threaten** | present · perfect · progressive |  | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But mindful of the injunction of Circe, Odysseus brandished his sword, and suffered none to approach until Tiresias had appeared.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injunction:x7:1
# text = But mindful of the injunction of Circe, Odysseus brandished his sword, and suffered none to approach until Tiresias had appeared.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	mindful	mindful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injunction	injunction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Circe	Circe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Odysseus	Odysseus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	brandished	brandish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
16	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	15	obj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	approach	approach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
19	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
20	Tiresias	Tiresias	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	appeared	appear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brandish** | past | Odysseus | Odysseus's sword |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **suffer** | past | Odysseus *not said here* | none |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **approach** | to-infinitive | Odysseus *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **appear** | past · perfect | Tiresias |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **enjoin** |  |  | Circe |  |  |  |  | nom injunction «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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