---
title: injure — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «injure» in the school dictionary: To injure means to hurt a person or an animal so that part of the body is damaged, for example in an accident or a fall. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# injure

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, you, injured bird, Running, She, rescue team · **What happens:** injure, mean, hurt, damage, upset, play · **To what, where:** person, part, feelings, knee, football, yourself · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«injure» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [injure in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/injure.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To injure means to hurt a person or an animal so that part of the body is damaged, for example in an accident or a fall.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:m1:1
# text = To injure means to hurt a person or an animal so that part of the body is damaged, for example in an accident or a fall.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hurt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a person or a animal |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Patient |
| 4 | **damage** | present · passive |  | that part of the body |  |  |  | for example in a accident or a fall | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To injure someone's feelings or pride means to upset them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:m2:1
# text = To injure someone's feelings or pride means to upset them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	upset	upset	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | to-infinitive |  | someone's feelings or pride |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **upset** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | feelings *= feeling* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He injured his knee playing football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x1:1
# text = He injured his knee playing football.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	injured	injure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past | He | his knee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | gerund | He *not said here* | football |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful not to injure yourself on the trampoline.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x2:1
# text = Be careful not to injure yourself on the trampoline.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	trampoline	trampoline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **injure** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | yourself |  | the trampoline |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two people were injured in the car crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x3:1
# text = Two people were injured in the car crash.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | past · passive |  | Two people |  | the car crash |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The injured bird could not fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x4:1
# text = The injured bird could not fly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fly** | could | the injured bird |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running by the pool can injure you if you slip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x5:1
# text = Running by the pool can injure you if you slip.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	slip	slip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | by the pool | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by pool=Trajectory |
| 2 | **injure** | can | Running | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **slip** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was injured but not badly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x6:1
# text = She was injured but not badly.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | injured *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rescue team carried the injured climber down the mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x7:1
# text = The rescue team carried the injured climber down the mountain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the rescue team | the injured climber |  |  |  | down the mountain | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent climber=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His pride was injured when he lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x8:1
# text = His pride was injured when he lost.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His pride |  |  |  |  | injured *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pride** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pride «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But his father answered: ‘Both your brothers have injured themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injure:x9:1
# text = But his father answered: ‘Both your brothers have injured themselves.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
6	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	injured	injure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
12	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | his father |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **injure** | present · perfect · passive |  | your brothers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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