---
title: injury — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «injury» in the school dictionary: An injury is harm done to a person's or animal's body, such as a cut, a bruise, a broken bone or a burn. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# injury

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** injury, He, Wearing, rabbit, we, nobody · **What happens:** be, do, break, mean, have, not play · **To what, where:** harm, knee injury, football, helmet, head injuries, injury · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«injury» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [injury in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/injury.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injury is harm done to a person's or animal's body, such as a cut, a bruise, a broken bone or a burn.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:m1:1
# text = An injury is harm done to a person's or animal's body, such as a cut, a bruise, a broken bone or a burn.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	's	PART	POS	_	11	case	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	amod	_	_
25	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	burn	burn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a injury | harm and a bruise and a broken bone or a burn |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  | harm and a bruise and a broken bone or a burn *not said here* |  |  |  | to a person's animal body and a cut | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An injury can also mean harm to someone's feelings or reputation (rare for pupils).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:m2:1
# text = An injury can also mean harm to someone's feelings or reputation (rare for pupils).
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	reputation	reputation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a injury | harm |  |  |  | to someone's feelings or reputation | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot harm=Theme to feeling=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He had a knee injury and couldn't play football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x1:1
# text = He had a knee injury and couldn't play football.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | He | a knee injury |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent injury=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **play** | could | He *not said here* | football |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent football=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wearing a helmet helps to prevent head injuries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x2:1
# text = Wearing a helmet helps to prevent head injuries.
1	Wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | gerund |  | a helmet |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent helmet=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | present | Wearing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | Wearing *not said here* | head injuries |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer injury=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbit had an injury on its leg, so we took it to the vet.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x3:1
# text = The rabbit had an injury on its leg, so we took it to the vet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	vet	vet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rabbit | a injury |  | rabbit's leg |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent injury=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | past | we | rabbit |  | the vet |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to vet=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Luckily, nobody suffered any injuries in the crash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x4:1
# text = Luckily, nobody suffered any injuries in the crash.
1	Luckily	luckily	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	_
4	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suffer** | past | nobody | any injuries |  | the crash |  | luckily *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer injury=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell a teacher straight away if you see an injury in the playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x5:1
# text = Tell a teacher straight away if you see an injury in the playground.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a teacher |  |  | away *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | a injury |  | the playground |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer injury=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice on the path can cause injuries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x6:1
# text = Ice on the path can cause injuries.
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Ice on the path | injuries |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition injury=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor cleaned the injury and put on a bandage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x7:1
# text = The doctor cleaned the injury and put on a bandage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bandage	bandage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | the doctor | the injury |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent injury=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | participle | the doctor *not said here* |  |  | a bandage |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on bandage=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Minor injuries can be treated with first aid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x8:1
# text = Minor injuries can be treated with first aid.
1	Minor	minor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
8	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | can · passive |  | Minor injuries |  |  |  | with first aid | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: subject=Recipient with aid=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he had fallen down again without injury, the giant said: ‘What is this?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:injury:x9:1
# text = When he had fallen down again without injury, the giant said: ‘What is this?
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall down** | past · perfect | he |  |  |  | again | without injury | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the giant |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | this |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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