---
title: inner — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «inner» in the school dictionary: Inner means inside, or nearer the middle of something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# inner

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Inner, you, inner planets, inner core, inner ear, your · **What happens:** mean, describe, not show, be, help, keep · **To what, where:** private thoughts, solid metal, you, balance, great inner strength, inner circle

<!-- .vabout -->
«inner» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [inner in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/inner.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inner means inside, or nearer the middle of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:m1:1
# text = Inner means inside, or nearer the middle of something.
1	Inner	Inner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Inner |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Inner describes private thoughts and feelings that you do not show, like your inner self.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:m2:1
# text = Inner describes private thoughts and feelings that you do not show, like your inner self.
1	Inner	Inner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Inner | private thoughts and feelings |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thought=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **show** | present · do-support | you | private thoughts and feelings |  |  |  | like your inner self | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent that=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inner planets are closer to the Sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x1:1
# text = The inner planets are closer to the Sun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	closer	close	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the inner planets |  |  |  | sunday | close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth's inner core is solid metal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x2:1
# text = The Earth's inner core is solid metal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	core	core	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Earth's inner core | solid metal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inner ear helps you keep your balance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x3:1
# text = The inner ear helps you keep your balance.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the inner ear | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your balance |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Theme |
| 3 | **balance** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom balance «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed great inner strength.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x4:1
# text = She showed great inner strength.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | great inner strength |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent strength=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw an inner circle and an outer circle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x5:1
# text = Draw an inner circle and an outer circle.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a inner circle and a outer circle |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent circle=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He lives in the inner city.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x6:1
# text = He lives in the inner city.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | He |  |  | the inner city |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bike's inner tube had a puncture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x7:1
# text = The bike's inner tube had a puncture.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tube	tube	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puncture	puncture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the bike's inner tube | a puncture |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puncture=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listen to your inner voice when something feels wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x8:1
# text = Listen to your inner voice when something feels wrong.
1	Listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
8	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to your inner voice | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to voice=Theme |
| 2 | **feel** | present | something |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the inner garden there were very many deer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inner:x9:1
# text = In the inner garden there were very many deer.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	inner	inner	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | many deer |  |  | the inner garden; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in garden=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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