---
title: innkeeper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «innkeeper» in the school dictionary: A person who owns or runs an inn, a small hotel or pub where travellers can eat, drink and sleep. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# innkeeper

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, travellers, innkeeper, room, Mary, animals · **What happens:** own, run, eat, drink, sleep, say · **To what, where:** inn, Christmas story, innkeeper, nativity play, travellers, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«innkeeper» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [innkeeper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/innkeeper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who owns or runs an inn, a small hotel or pub where travellers can eat, drink and sleep.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:m1:1
# text = A person who owns or runs an inn, a small hotel or pub where travellers can eat, drink and sleep.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	owns	own	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	hotel	hotel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	pub	pub	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
16	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present | a person and a small hotel or pub |  |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **run** | present | a person and a small hotel or pub *not said here* | a inn |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme inn=Trajectory |
| 3 | **eat** | can | travellers |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drink** | infinitive | travellers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sleep** | infinitive | travellers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible, nativity — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Christmas story, the innkeeper says there is no room at the inn, so Mary and Joseph stay where the animals are.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:m2:1
# text = In the Christmas story, the innkeeper says there is no room at the inn, so Mary and Joseph stay where the animals are.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	Mary	Mary	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	stay	stay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
22	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advcl	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the innkeeper |  |  | the Christmas story |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | no room at the inn |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stay** | present | Mary and Joseph |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | the animals |  |  |  |  | where *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the nativity play I was the innkeeper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x1:1
# text = In the nativity play I was the innkeeper.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	nativity	nativity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | I | the innkeeper |  | the nativity play |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The innkeeper said, «There is no room at the inn.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x2:1
# text = The innkeeper said, «There is no room at the inn.»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inn	inn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the innkeeper |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | present | no room at the inn |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Good Samaritan gave the innkeeper two coins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x3:1
# text = The Good Samaritan gave the innkeeper two coins.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Samaritan	Samaritan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Good Samaritan | the innkeeper |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent innkeeper=Recipient coin=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The innkeeper served the travellers hot soup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x4:1
# text = The innkeeper served the travellers hot soup.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	served	serve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	travellers	traveller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	soup	soup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | past | the innkeeper | the travellers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old innkeeper knew every story in the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x5:1
# text = The old innkeeper knew every story in the village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | the old innkeeper | every story |  | the village |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The kind innkeeper let them sleep in the stable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x6:1
# text = The kind innkeeper let them sleep in the stable.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stable	stable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | infinitive | the kind innkeeper | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | infinitive | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  | the stable |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in stable=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The innkeeper was so glad, so glad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:innkeeper:x7:1
# text = The innkeeper was so glad, so glad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	innkeeper	innkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the innkeeper |  |  |  |  | glad *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the innkeeper *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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