---
title: instructor — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «instructor» in the school dictionary: A person who teaches a practical skill or sport, such as driving, swimming, skiing or climbing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# instructor

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, swimming instructor, ski instructor, driving instructor, you, fitness instructor · **What happens:** teach, dive, show, stop, drive, be · **To what, where:** practical skill, me, us, climbing wall, class, school · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«instructor» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [instructor in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/instructor.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who teaches a practical skill or sport, such as driving, swimming, skiing or climbing.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:m1:1
# text = A person who teaches a practical skill or sport, such as driving, swimming, skiing or climbing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	practical	practical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	driving	driving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	skiing	skiing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	climbing	climbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a person | a practical skill or sport and driving and swimming and skiing or climbing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent skill=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My swimming instructor taught me to dive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x1:1
# text = My swimming instructor taught me to dive.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	dive	dive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | My swimming instructor |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **dive** | to-infinitive | My swimming instructor *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ski instructor showed us how to stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x2:1
# text = The ski instructor showed us how to stop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ski	ski	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the ski instructor |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum's driving instructor was very patient.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x3:1
# text = Mum's driving instructor was very patient.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	patient	patient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | Mum's driving instructor |  |  |  |  | patient *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listen to the instructor at the climbing wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x4:1
# text = Listen to the instructor at the climbing wall.
1	Listen	listen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	climbing	climbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the climbing wall |  | to the instructor | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to instructor=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fitness instructor led the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x5:1
# text = The fitness instructor led the class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fitness	fitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the fitness instructor | the class |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent class=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A first-aid instructor came to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x6:1
# text = A first-aid instructor came to school.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	aid	aid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a aid instructor |  |  | school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was my instructor, and taught me music, and horsemanship, and how to cure wounds, and likewise how to inflict wounds with my weapons!"

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:instructor:x7:1
# text = He was my instructor, and taught me music, and horsemanship, and how to cure wounds, and likewise how to inflict wounds with my weapons!"
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	instructor	instructor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	horsemanship	horsemanship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	cure	cure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
18	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	likewise	likewise	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	inflict	inflict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
25	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | He | my instructor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | my instructor *not said here* | music | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient music=Topic |
| 3 | **cure** | to-infinitive | my instructor *not said here* | wounds |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer wound=Source |
| 4 | **inflict** | to-infinitive |  | wounds |  |  |  | with my weapons; likewise *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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