---
title: insubordination — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «insubordination» in the school dictionary: Insubordination is refusing to obey people in charge; disobedience to authority. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# insubordination

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**Who acts:** Insubordination, captain, Refusing, rebels · **What happens:** refuse, not obey, punish, not tidy up, be, show · **To what, where:** disobedience, people, charge, insubordination, form, king

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«insubordination» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [insubordination in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/insubordination.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insubordination is refusing to obey people in charge; disobedience to authority.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insubordination:m1:1
# text = Insubordination is refusing to obey people in charge; disobedience to authority.
1	Insubordination	insubordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	refusing	refuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	obey	obey	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	disobedience	disobedience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | present · progressive | Insubordination | disobedience to authority |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **obey** | to-infinitive | Insubordination *not said here* | people |  | charge |  |  | vn abide\_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain punished the insubordination of his crew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insubordination:x1:1
# text = The captain punished the insubordination of his crew.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	punished	punish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	insubordination	insubordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | past | the captain | the insubordination of captain's crew |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insubordination=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refusing to tidy up is a form of insubordination.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insubordination:x2:1
# text = Refusing to tidy up is a form of insubordination.
1	Refusing	refuse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	insubordination	insubordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **tidy up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Refusing | a form |  |  |  | of insubordination | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rebels showed insubordination to the king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insubordination:x3:1
# text = The rebels showed insubordination to the king.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rebels	rebel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	insubordination	insubordination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the rebels | insubordination | the king |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent insubordination=Topic to king=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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