---
title: insurgent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «insurgent» in the school dictionary: An insurgent is a person who fights against the government or ruling power of their country, often with weapons. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# insurgent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** insurgent, person, new challenger, Insurgents, government, insurgent groups · **What happens:** be, fight, rule, mean, rebel, rise up · **To what, where:** person, power, those, new challenger, old leader, army base · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«insurgent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [insurgent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/insurgent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An insurgent is a person who fights against the government or ruling power of their country, often with weapons.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:m1:1
# text = An insurgent is a person who fights against the government or ruling power of their country, often with weapons.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fights	fight	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ruling	rule	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
13	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a insurgent | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | against the government | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rule** | gerund | a person *not said here* | power of their country |  |  |  | with weapons | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insurgent as an adjective means rebelling or rising up against those in power.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:m2:1
# text = Insurgent as an adjective means rebelling or rising up against those in power.
1	Insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	rebelling	rebel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Insurgent as a adjective |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rebel** *not said to happen* | gerund | Insurgent as a adjective *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn rebel-71.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **rise up** | gerund | Insurgent as a adjective *not said here* |  |  | those |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against that=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insurgent can also describe a new challenger rising against an old leader, like an insurgent party in politics.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:m3:1
# text = Insurgent can also describe a new challenger rising against an old leader, like an insurgent party in politics.
1	Insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	challenger	challenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	politics	politics	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Insurgent | a new challenger |  |  |  | like a insurgent party in politics | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent challenger=Theme |
| 2 | **rise** | gerund | a new challenger *not said here* |  |  | a old leader |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against leader=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Insurgents attacked the army base.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x1:1
# text = Insurgents attacked the army base.
1	Insurgents	insurgent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	attacked	attack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	base	base	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | past | Insurgents | the army base |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent base=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government said the insurgents had been defeated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x2:1
# text = The government said the insurgents had been defeated.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	insurgents	insurgent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	defeated	defeat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the government |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **defeat** | past · perfect · passive |  | the insurgents |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The insurgent groups controlled the hills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x3:1
# text = The insurgent groups controlled the hills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	controlled	control	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **control** | past | the insurgent groups | the hills |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some called them insurgents; others called them freedom fighters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x4:1
# text = Some called them insurgents; others called them freedom fighters.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	insurgents	insurgent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	freedom	freedom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	fighters	fighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past | Some | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 2 | **call** | past | others | insurgents *= insurgent* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The insurgent candidate surprised everyone by winning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x5:1
# text = The insurgent candidate surprised everyone by winning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	candidate	candidate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | participle | the insurgent candidate | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **win** | gerund | the insurgent candidate *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
History is full of insurgent movements.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x6:1
# text = History is full of insurgent movements.
1	History	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	insurgent	insurgent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | History |  |  |  |  | of insurgent movements; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A poor half-grown boy in a ragged blouse fought among the older insurgents.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:insurgent:x7:1
# text = A poor half-grown boy in a ragged blouse fought among the older insurgents.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ragged	ragged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	blouse	blouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	among	among	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	15	amod	_	_
15	insurgents	insurgent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | past | a poor grown boy in a ragged blouse |  |  |  |  | among the older insurgents | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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