---
title: interference — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «interference» in the school dictionary: Getting involved in someone else's business when you are not wanted: interference in their affairs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/interference/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / interference

# interference

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Noise, player, way waves, She, brother, her · **What happens:** get, not want, spoil, block, combine, add up · **To what, where:** interference, you, radio, another, plans, elections · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«interference» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [interference in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/interference.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting involved in someone else's business when you are not wanted: interference in their affairs.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:m1:1
# text = Getting involved in someone else's business when you are not wanted: interference in their affairs.
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	involved	involved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
7	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	12	mark	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
14	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  | interference in their affairs |  |  |  | involved *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **want** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, radio — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noise or crackle that spoils a radio, TV or phone signal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:m2:1
# text = Noise or crackle that spoils a radio, TV or phone signal.
1	Noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	crackle	crackle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	spoils	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoil** | present | Noise or crackle | a radio and TV or phone signal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A foul when a player wrongly blocks another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:m3:1
# text = A foul when a player wrongly blocks another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foul	foul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	wrongly	wrongly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	blocks	block	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | present | a player | another |  |  |  | wrongly *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer another=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way waves combine and add up or cancel out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:m4:1
# text = The way waves combine and add up or cancel out.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	combine	combine	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cancel	cancel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combine** | present | way waves |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **add up** *speech: assert* | present | way waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cancel out** | infinitive | way waves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The radio crackled with interference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x1:1
# text = The radio crackled with interference.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crackled	crackle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crackle** | participle |  | the radio *not said here* |  |  |  | with interference | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with interference=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She resented her brother's interference in her plans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x2:1
# text = She resented her brother's interference in her plans.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resented	resent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resent** | past | She | her brother's interference |  | her plans |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer interference=Stimulus |
| 2 | **interfere** |  | her brother |  |  |  |  |  | nom interference «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 3 | **plan** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee called interference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x3:1
# text = The referee called interference.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the referee *not said here* | interference |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Countries should hold elections without foreign interference.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x4:1
# text = Countries should hold elections without foreign interference.
1	Countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	elections	election	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | should | Countries | elections |  |  |  | without foreign interference | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent election=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mobile phones can cause interference on speakers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x5:1
# text = Mobile phones can cause interference on speakers.
1	Mobile	mobile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	speakers	speaker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | can | Mobile phones | interference |  |  |  | on speakers | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition interference=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light waves show interference patterns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x6:1
# text = Light waves show interference patterns.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	show	show	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Light waves | interference patterns |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pattern=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the Dolphins replied, “We would far rather be destroyed in our battle with each other than admit any interference from you in our affairs.”

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interference:x7:1
# text = One of the Dolphins replied, “We would far rather be destroyed in our battle with each other than admit any interference from you in our affairs.”
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Dolphins	Dolphin	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
10	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
11	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	nmod	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	fixed	_	_
20	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	admit	admit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
22	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	23	det	_	_
23	interference	interference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	obl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	affairs	affair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | One |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **destroy** *in a quote* | would · passive |  | We |  | our battle with each |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **admit** *speech: other* *in a quote* | infinitive |  | any interference |  | our affairs |  | from you | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent interference=Theme in affair=Location |
| 4 | **battle** *in a quote* |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [interfere](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/interfere/)
- next →: [interim](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/interim/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)