---
title: interpreter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «interpreter» in the school dictionary: An interpreter is a person whose job is to change what someone says from one language into another, out loud, as they speak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# interpreter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** interpreter, job, someone, they, computer program, person · **What happens:** be, say, speak, read, run, explain · **To what, where:** person, one language, computer program, code line, someone, meaning · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«interpreter» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [interpreter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/interpreter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An interpreter is a person whose job is to change what someone says from one language into another, out loud, as they speak.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:m1:1
# text = An interpreter is a person whose job is to change what someone says from one language into another, out loud, as they speak.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nsubj	_	_
13	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	out	out	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	loud	loud	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a interpreter | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  |  | change *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | someone |  |  | one language |  | into another; loud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An interpreter is a computer program that reads and runs code line by line.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:m2:1
# text = An interpreter is a computer program that reads and runs code line by line.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	program	program	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a interpreter | a computer program |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | present | a computer program |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **run** | present | a computer program *not said here* | code line |  |  |  | by line | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent line=Theme by line=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An interpreter is someone who explains the meaning of something, like a performer of music or a person who explains a dream or a text.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:m3:1
# text = An interpreter is someone who explains the meaning of something, like a performer of music or a person who explains a dream or a text.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	performer	performer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	explains	explain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a interpreter | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present |  | the meaning of something |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Topic |
| 3 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present | a person | a dream or a text |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Topic |
| 4 | **mean** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom meaning «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor spoke to the family through an interpreter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x1:1
# text = The doctor spoke to the family through an interpreter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the doctor |  |  | a interpreter |  | to the family | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to family=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sign language interpreter stood next to the speaker.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x2:1
# text = A sign language interpreter stood next to the speaker.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	next	next	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	speaker	speaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a sign language interpreter |  |  |  |  | to the speaker; next *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Interpreters at the UN listen and speak at the same time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x3:1
# text = Interpreters at the UN listen and speak at the same time.
1	Interpreters	interpreter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	listen	listen	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | present | Interpreters at the UN |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Interpreters at the UN *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt works as a Ukrainian interpreter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x4:1
# text = My aunt works as a Ukrainian interpreter.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | My aunt |  |  |  |  | as a Ukrainian interpreter | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as interpreter=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joseph was the interpreter of Pharaoh's dreams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x5:1
# text = Joseph was the interpreter of Pharaoh's dreams.
1	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Pharaoh	Pharaoh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	dreams	dream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Joseph | the interpreter |  |  |  | of Pharaoh's dreams | tree rules |
| 2 | **dream** |  | Pharaoh |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Python code runs in an interpreter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:interpreter:x6:1
# text = Python code runs in an interpreter.
1	Python	Python	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	code	code	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	interpreter	interpreter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Python code |  |  | a interpreter |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in interpreter=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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