---
title: inundation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «inundation» in the school dictionary: A flood; when water covers land that is usually dry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# inundation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flood, land, things, yearly inundation, Coastal towns, sea levels · **What happens:** cover, be, arrive, amount, inundate, make · **To what, where:** land, things, letters, soil, Nile, inundation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«inundation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [inundation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/inundation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flood; when water covers land that is usually dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:m1:1
# text = A flood; when water covers land that is usually dry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	covers	cover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present | a flood | land |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme land=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present | land |  |  |  |  | dry, usually *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very large amount of things arriving at once: an inundation of letters.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:m2:1
# text = A very large amount of things arriving at once: an inundation of letters.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	arriving	arrive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | gerund | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | things |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **inundate** |  |  | letters |  |  |  |  | nom inundation «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yearly inundation of the Nile made the soil rich.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x1:1
# text = The yearly inundation of the Nile made the soil rich.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yearly	yearly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Nile	Nile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the yearly inundation of the Nile | the soil |  |  |  | rich *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soil=Product |
| 2 | **inundate** |  |  | the Nile |  |  |  |  | nom inundation «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coastal towns face inundation as sea levels rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x2:1
# text = Coastal towns face inundation as sea levels rise.
1	Coastal	coastal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	face	face	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	levels	level	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **face** | present | Coastal towns | inundation |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme inundation=Destination |
| 2 | **rise** | present | sea levels |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The inundation destroyed many farms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x3:1
# text = The inundation destroyed many farms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | the inundation | many farms |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent farm=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was an inundation of emails after the announcement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x4:1
# text = There was an inundation of emails after the announcement.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	emails	email	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a inundation of emails after the announcement |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **inundate** |  |  | emails after the announcement |  |  |  |  | nom inundation «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The levee protected the town from inundation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x5:1
# text = The levee protected the town from inundation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	levee	levee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protected	protect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | past | the levee | the town |  |  |  | from inundation | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent town=Beneficiary from inundation=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient Egyptians had a season called Inundation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x6:1
# text = Ancient Egyptians had a season called Inundation.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Egyptians	Egyptian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	Inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Ancient Egyptians |  |  |  | season |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a season *not said here* | Inundation |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is probable that these sea-monsters are the poetical figures which represent the demons of hunger and famine, necessarily accompanying a general inundation.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:inundation:x7:1
# text = It is probable that these sea-monsters are the poetical figures which represent the demons of hunger and famine, necessarily accompanying a general inundation.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	probable	probable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	poetical	poetical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	figures	figure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	parataxis	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	represent	represent	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	necessarily	necessarily	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	accompanying	accompany	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	inundation	inundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | probable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **monster** |  | these |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | sea monsters | the poetical figures |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **represent** | present | the poetical figures | the demons of hunger and famine |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot demon=Theme |
| 5 | **accompany** | gerund | the poetical figures *not said here* | a general inundation |  |  |  | necessarily *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inundation=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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