---
title: invading — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «invading» in the school dictionary: Entering a country or place by force, with an army, to take control of it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# invading

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** germs, Vikings, invading army, White blood cells, Ants, you · **What happens:** enter, take, come, get, cause, do · **To what, where:** country, control, place, body, harm, private space · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«invading» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [invading in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/invading.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Entering a country or place by force, with an army, to take control of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:m1:1
# text = Entering a country or place by force, with an army, to take control of it.
1	Entering	enter	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
15	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | gerund |  | a country or place |  |  |  | by force | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme country=Destination |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | control of control |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Coming into a place in large numbers, often in an unwanted way, like insects or weeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:m2:1
# text = Coming into a place in large numbers, often in an unwanted way, like insects or weeds.
1	Coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  | a place in large numbers |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into place=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting into the body and causing harm, as germs do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:m3:1
# text = Getting into the body and causing harm, as germs do.
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
7	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  | the body |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into body=Destination |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund |  | harm |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition harm=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | present | germs |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Going into someone's private space or life without being wanted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:m4:1
# text = Going into someone's private space or life without being wanted.
1	Going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | someone's private space or life |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into space=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **want** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Vikings were invading the coast of England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x1:1
# text = The Vikings were invading the coast of England.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | past · progressive | the Vikings | the coast of England |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The invading army crossed the river at dawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x2:1
# text = The invading army crossed the river at dawn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | past | the invading army | the river |  |  | dawn |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
White blood cells fight invading germs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x3:1
# text = White blood cells fight invading germs.
1	White	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fight	fight	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | present | White blood cells | invading germs |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **invade** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ants are invading our kitchen again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x4:1
# text = Ants are invading our kitchen again.
1	Ants	ant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | present · progressive | Ants | our kitchen |  |  | again |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop reading my diary, you're invading my privacy!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x5:1
# text = Stop reading my diary, you're invading my privacy!
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	diary	diary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	privacy	privacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | you *not said here* | my diary |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent diary=Topic |
| 3 | **invade** | present · progressive | you | my privacy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Russia's army invading Ukraine in 2022 was condemned by most countries at the UN.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x6:1
# text = Russia's army invading Ukraine in 2022 was condemned by most countries at the UN.
1	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	2022	2022	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	condemned	condemn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	amod	_	_
12	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	UN	UN	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | gerund | Russia's army *not said here* | Ukraine |  | 2022 |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **condemn** | past · passive | most countries at the UN | Russia's army |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cane toads are invading new parts of Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x7:1
# text = Cane toads are invading new parts of Australia.
1	Cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | present · progressive | Cane toads | new parts of Australia |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The weeds are invading the vegetable patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x8:1
# text = The weeds are invading the vegetable patch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invade** | present · progressive | the weeds | the vegetable patch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After which he lifted the spell, and the invading army slunk back to Rome, and reported what Virgilius had said to the emperor.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invading:x9:1
# text = After which he lifted the spell, and the invading army slunk back to Rome, and reported what Virgilius had said to the emperor.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	invading	invade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	slunk	slink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
19	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	22	obj	_	_
20	Virgilius	Virgilius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	ccomp	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift** | past | he | the spell |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Theme |
| 2 | **invade** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **slink back** | past | the invading army |  | Rome |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to rome=Destination |
| 4 | **report** | past | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · perfect · passive |  | Virgilius |  |  |  | to the emperor | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme what=Manner |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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