---
title: invasive — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «invasive» in the school dictionary: An invasive plant or animal spreads into a place where it does not belong and harms the plants and animals already living there. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# invasive

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** invasive plant, place, plants, invasive illness, invasive medical test, Invasive questions · **What happens:** spread, not belong, harm, live, go, cut · **To what, where:** place, plants, other parts, body, something, private life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«invasive» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [invasive in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/invasive.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An invasive plant or animal spreads into a place where it does not belong and harms the plants and animals already living there.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:m1:1
# text = An invasive plant or animal spreads into a place where it does not belong and harms the plants and animals already living there.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	14	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	belong	belong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
21	already	already	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
23	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | a invasive plant or animal |  |  | a place |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into place=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **belong** | present · do-support | place |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **harm** | present | a invasive plant or animal *not said here* | the plants and animals |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus plant=Experiencer |
| 4 | **live** | gerund | the plants and animals *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An invasive illness, such as some cancers, spreads into other parts of the body.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:m2:1
# text = An invasive illness, such as some cancers, spreads into other parts of the body.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	cancers	cancer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | a invasive illness |  |  | other parts of the body |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into part=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An invasive medical test or operation goes inside the body, by cutting or putting something in.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:m3:1
# text = An invasive medical test or operation goes inside the body, by cutting or putting something in.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | a invasive medical test or operation |  |  | the body |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside body=Location |
| 2 | **cut** | gerund | a invasive medical test or operation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **put in** | gerund | a invasive medical test or operation *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Invasive questions or actions go too far into someone's private life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:m4:1
# text = Invasive questions or actions go too far into someone's private life.
1	Invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Invasive questions or actions |  |  | someone's private life |  | far *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into life=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cane toads are an invasive species in Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x1:1
# text = Cane toads are an invasive species in Australia.
1	Cane	cane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Cane toads | a invasive species |  | Australia |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grey squirrels are invasive in Britain and push out red squirrels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x2:1
# text = Grey squirrels are invasive in Britain and push out red squirrels.
1	Grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	push	push	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grey squirrels |  |  | Britain |  | invasive *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **push out** | present | Grey squirrels *not said here* | red squirrels |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squirrel=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said the scan is non-invasive and will not hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x3:1
# text = The doctor said the scan is non-invasive and will not hurt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	scan	scan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	non-invasive	non-invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the scan |  |  |  |  | non-invasive *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **hurt** | future | the scan *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Asking how much money someone earns can feel invasive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x4:1
# text = Asking how much money someone earns can feel invasive.
1	Asking	ask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
3	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	earns	earn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund |  | much money |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Recipient |
| 2 | **earn** | present | someone | much money *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |
| 3 | **feel** | can | Asking |  |  |  |  | invasive *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese knotweed is an invasive plant that is hard to remove.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x5:1
# text = Japanese knotweed is an invasive plant that is hard to remove.
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	knotweed	knotweed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Japanese knotweed | a invasive plant |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a invasive plant |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **remove** | to-infinitive | a invasive plant *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Invasive weeds choked the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x6:1
# text = Invasive weeds choked the pond.
1	Invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	choked	choke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choke** | past | Invasive weeds | the pond |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pond=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some apps collect invasive amounts of data.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invasive:x7:1
# text = Some apps collect invasive amounts of data.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	invasive	invasive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	amounts	amount	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | some apps | invasive amounts of data |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme |
| 2 | **amount** |  |  | data |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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