---
title: invert — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «invert» in the school dictionary: To invert something is to turn it upside down. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# invert

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, 2/3, you, water, pinhole camera, we · **What happens:** invert, be, go, become, spill out, divide · **To what, where:** something, opposite way, fraction, glass, it, picture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«invert» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [invert in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/invert.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To invert something is to turn it upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:m1:1
# text = To invert something is to turn it upside down.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	invert	invert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | down, turn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To invert something is to swap it round so it goes the opposite way, back to front or in reverse order.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:m2:1
# text = To invert something is to swap it round so it goes the opposite way, back to front or in reverse order.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	invert	invert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	swap	swap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	round	round	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	reverse	reverse	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | round, swap *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | present | it | the opposite way |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location way=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To invert a fraction is to turn it upside down, so 2/3 becomes 3/2.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:m3:1
# text = To invert a fraction is to turn it upside down, so 2/3 becomes 3/2.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	invert	invert	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	2/3	2/3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nsubj	_	_
14	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
15	3/2	3/2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | to-infinitive |  | a fraction |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fraction=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | down, turn *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | present | 2/3 |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Invert the glass and the water will spill out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x1:1
# text = Invert the glass and the water will spill out.
1	Invert	invert	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	spill	spill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | imperative | you *not said here* | the glass |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent glass=Patient |
| 2 | **spill out** | future | the water |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To divide by 1/2, invert it and multiply by 2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x2:1
# text = To divide by 1/2, invert it and multiply by 2.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	divide	divide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1/2	1/2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	invert	invert	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	multiply	multiply	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by 1/2 | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by 1/2=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **invert** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **multiply** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by 2 | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by 2=Co-Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pinhole camera inverts the picture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x3:1
# text = A pinhole camera inverts the picture.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	inverts	invert	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | present | a pinhole camera | the picture |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent picture=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a question we invert «he is» to «is he».

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x4:1
# text = In a question we invert «he is» to «is he».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	invert	invert	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | present | we |  |  | a question |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** *in a quote* | present | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | to he | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the words in inverted commas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x5:1
# text = Put the words in inverted commas.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	commas	comma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the words |  | inverted commas |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent word=Theme in comma=Destination |
| 2 | **invert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cake was inverted onto a plate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x6:1
# text = The cake was inverted onto a plate.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plate	plate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | past · passive |  | the cake |  | a plate |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats hang inverted from the cave roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:invert:x7:1
# text = Bats hang inverted from the cave roof.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **invert** | participle | Bats *not said here* |  |  | the cave roof |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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