---
title: ion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ion» in the school dictionary: An atom or a small group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost one or more electrons. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small group, charge, positive ion, Ion, atom, Salty water · **What happens:** have, gain, lose, be, make, become · **To what, where:** electric charge, one electrons, lost electrons, negative ion, name, Salt

<!-- .vabout -->
«ion» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An atom or a small group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost one or more electrons.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:m1:1
# text = An atom or a small group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost one or more electrons.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	atoms	atom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
20	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	conj	_	_
23	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a small group of atoms | a electric charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |
| 2 | **gain** | present · perfect | charge |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **lose** | participle | charge *not said here* | one electrons |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A positive ion has lost electrons; a negative ion has gained electrons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:m2:1
# text = A positive ion has lost electrons; a negative ion has gained electrons.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
13	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a positive ion | lost electrons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Patient |
| 2 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **gain** | present · perfect · passive |  | a negative ion |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary electron=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ion is also a boy's name, as in old Greek stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:m3:1
# text = Ion is also a boy's name, as in old Greek stories.
1	Ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ion | a boy's name and old Greek stories |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salt is made of sodium ions and chloride ions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x1:1
# text = Salt is made of sodium ions and chloride ions.
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	sodium	sodium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ions	ion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	chloride	chloride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	ions	ion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Salt |  |  |  | of sodium ions and chloride ions | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A lithium-ion battery powers my tablet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x2:1
# text = A lithium-ion battery powers my tablet.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	lithium	lithium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
5	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	tablet	tablet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ion has an electric charge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x3:1
# text = An ion has an electric charge.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a ion | a electric charge |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent charge=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x4:1
# text = When an atom loses an electron, it becomes a positive ion.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	atom	atom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	electron	electron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	positive	positive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	ion	ion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | a atom | a electron |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Eventuality |
| 2 | **become** | present | atom | a positive ion |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Salty water conducts electricity because it contains ions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x5:1
# text = Salty water conducts electricity because it contains ions.
1	Salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	conducts	conduct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	ions	ion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conduct** | present | Salty water | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme |
| 2 | **contain** | present | water | ions |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot ion=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our science teacher drew the ions as little circles with plus and minus signs.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x6:1
# text = Our science teacher drew the ions as little circles with plus and minus signs.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ions	ion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	circles	circle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
13	minus	minus	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | Our science teacher | the ions |  |  |  | as little circles plus minus signs | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent ion=Result as circle=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some air purifiers claim to release negative ions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x7:1
# text = Some air purifiers claim to release negative ions.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	purifiers	purifier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	claim	claim	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	release	release	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	negative	negative	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	ions	ion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | some air purifiers |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **release** | to-infinitive | some air purifiers *not said here* | negative ions |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer ion=Source |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ion's suspicions at once fell upon the obsequious servant of Creusa, who with such officious attention had filled his cup.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ion:x8:1
# text = Ion's suspicions at once fell upon the obsequious servant of Creusa, who with such officious attention had filled his cup.
1	Ion	Ion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	suspicions	suspicion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	obl	_	_
6	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	obsequious	obsequious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Creusa	Creusa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	officious	officious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | Ion's suspicions |  |  |  |  | upon the obsequious servant of Creusa | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
| 2 | **fill** | past · perfect | the obsequious servant of Creusa | Creusa's cup |  |  |  | with such officious attention | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent cup=Patient with attention=Instrument |
| 3 | **suspect** |  | Ion |  |  |  |  |  | nom suspicion «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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