---
title: iridium — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «iridium» in the school dictionary: A very hard, heavy, silvery metal, a chemical element (symbol Ir), which hardly rusts or wears away. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# iridium

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**Who acts:** hard heavy silvery metal, Iridium, Scientists · **What happens:** rust, wear away, be, find, come, make · **To what, where:** one, layer, rocks, asteroid, tip

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«iridium» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [iridium in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/iridium.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very hard, heavy, silvery metal, a chemical element (symbol Ir), which hardly rusts or wears away.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:m1:1
# text = A very hard, heavy, silvery metal, a chemical element (symbol Ir), which hardly rusts or wears away.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	silvery	silvery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	symbol	symbol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	Ir	Ir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	rusts	rust	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
23	away	away	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rust** | present | a hard heavy silvery metal and a chemical element |  |  |  |  | hardly *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **wear away** | present | a hard heavy silvery metal and a chemical element *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iridium is one of the densest metals on Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:x1:1
# text = Iridium is one of the densest metals on Earth.
1	Iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	densest	dense	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	metals	metal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Iridium | one |  |  |  | of the densest metals on Earth | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists found a layer of iridium in rocks all over the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:x2:1
# text = Scientists found a layer of iridium in rocks all over the world.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	all	all	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Scientists | a layer of iridium |  | rocks |  | over the world | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That iridium came from an asteroid.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:x3:1
# text = That iridium came from an asteroid.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	asteroid	asteroid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | that iridium |  |  | a asteroid |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from asteroid=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iridium hardly ever rusts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:x4:1
# text = Iridium hardly ever rusts.
1	Iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	rusts	rust	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rust** | present | Iridium |  |  |  | ever | hardly *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tip of the fountain pen is made with iridium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iridium:x5:1
# text = The tip of the fountain pen is made with iridium.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tip	tip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fountain	fountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	iridium	iridium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the tip of the fountain pen |  |  |  | with iridium | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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