---
title: iris — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «iris» in the school dictionary: The iris is the coloured ring in your eye around the black pupil; it gets bigger or smaller to control how much light goes into the eye. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# iris

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** iris, irises, Purple irises, Van, rainbow goddess · **What happens:** be, get, control, go, shape, make · **To what, where:** coloured ring, eye, much light, tall garden flower, name, goddess · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«iris» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [iris in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/iris.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The iris is the coloured ring in your eye around the black pupil; it gets bigger or smaller to control how much light goes into the eye.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:m1:1
# text = The iris is the coloured ring in your eye around the black pupil; it gets bigger or smaller to control how much light goes into the eye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	iris	iris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
17	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	xcomp	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	conj	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
23	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
26	into	into	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the iris | the coloured ring |  | your eye around the black pupil |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | iris |  |  |  |  | big *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **control** | to-infinitive | iris *not said here* | much light |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | present |  |  |  | the eye |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into eye=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An iris is a tall garden flower with sword-shaped leaves and flowers often purple, blue, yellow or white.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:m2:1
# text = An iris is a tall garden flower with sword-shaped leaves and flowers often purple, blue, yellow or white.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	iris	iris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a iris | a tall garden flower |  |  |  | with shaped leaves and flowers | tree rules |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iris is a girl's name; in Greek myths Iris was the goddess of the rainbow.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:m3:1
# text = Iris is a girl's name; in Greek myths Iris was the goddess of the rainbow.
1	Iris	Iris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	myths	myth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
11	Iris	Iris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Iris | a girl's name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Iris | the goddess |  | Greek myths |  | of the rainbow | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The iris is the coloured part of your eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x1:1
# text = The iris is the coloured part of your eye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	iris	iris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the iris | the coloured part |  |  |  | of your eye | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In bright light, the iris makes the pupil smaller.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x2:1
# text = In bright light, the iris makes the pupil smaller.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	iris	iris	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the iris | the pupil |  | bright light |  | small *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pupil=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her irises are green.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x3:1
# text = Her irises are green.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	irises	iris	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her irises |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Purple irises grew by the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x4:1
# text = Purple irises grew by the pond.
1	Purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	irises	iris	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | Purple irises |  |  |  |  | by the pond | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by pond=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Van Gogh painted a field of irises.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x5:1
# text = Van Gogh painted a field of irises.
1	Van	Van	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Gogh	Gogh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	irises	iris	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | Van | a field of irises |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent field=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-aunt is called Iris.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x6:1
# text = My great-aunt is called Iris.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	Iris	Iris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | My great aunt |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rainbow goddess Iris carried messages for the gods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x7:1
# text = The rainbow goddess Iris carried messages for the gods.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Iris	Iris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the rainbow goddess | messages |  |  |  | for the gods | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iris is usually represented seated behind the chariot of Hera, ready to do the bidding of her royal mistress.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iris:x8:1
# text = Iris is usually represented seated behind the chariot of Hera, ready to do the bidding of her royal mistress.
1	Iris	Iris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	represented	represent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Hera	Hera	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bidding	bidding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	royal	royal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	mistress	mistress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present · passive |  | Iris |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **seat** | participle |  |  |  | the chariot of Hera |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | the bidding of Iris's royal mistress |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bidding=Eventuality |
| 4 | **bid** |  |  | Iris's royal mistress |  |  |  |  | nom bidding «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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