---
title: irish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «irish» in the school dictionary: From Ireland, or to do with Ireland and its people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# irish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** grandma, Children, We, ferry, Day, Many Irish people · **What happens:** do, speak, be, live, learn, watch · **To what, where:** Ireland, Celtic language, Galway, Irish dancers, festival, Irish Sea · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«irish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [irish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/irish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From Ireland, or to do with Ireland and its people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:m1:1
# text = From Ireland, or to do with Ireland and its people.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | Ireland |  | with Ireland and its people | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Irish language (Gaeilge), a Celtic language spoken in Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:m2:1
# text = The Irish language (Gaeilge), a Celtic language spoken in Ireland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Gaeilge	Gaeilge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Celtic	celtic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | a Celtic language *not said here* |  | Ireland |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandma is Irish and lives in Galway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x1:1
# text = My grandma is Irish and lives in Galway.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Galway	Galway	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My grandma |  |  |  |  | irish *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | My grandma *not said here* |  |  | Galway |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in galway=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Children in Ireland learn Irish at school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x2:1
# text = Children in Ireland learn Irish at school.
1	Children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | Children in Ireland |  |  |  |  | irish *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched Irish dancers at the festival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x3:1
# text = We watched Irish dancers at the festival.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	dancers	dancer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We | Irish dancers |  | the festival |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dancer=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ferry crossed the Irish Sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x4:1
# text = The ferry crossed the Irish Sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ferry	ferry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | the ferry | the Irish Sea |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saint Patrick's Day is a big Irish holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x5:1
# text = Saint Patrick's Day is a big Irish holiday.
1	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Patrick	Patrick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Saint Patrick's Day | a big Irish holiday |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irish stew is made with lamb and potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x6:1
# text = Irish stew is made with lamb and potatoes.
1	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	stew	stew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Irish stew |  |  |  | with lamb and potatoes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Irish people moved to America long ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x7:1
# text = Many Irish people moved to America long ago.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | Many Irish people |  | America |  |  | ago *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to america=Result |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irish:x8:1
# text = Hurling is a fast Irish sport played with sticks.
1	Hurling	hurling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sticks	stick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Hurling |  |  |  |  | with sticks; play *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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