---
title: irrational — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «irrational» in the school dictionary: Not based on clear thinking or good reasons (an irrational fear). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# irrational

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** decimals, creature, balloons, fear, My, It · **What happens:** not base, not write, go on, repeat, describe, not reason · **To what, where:** clear thinking, irrational number, pi, creature, balloons, rain · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«irrational» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [irrational in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/irrational.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not based on clear thinking or good reasons (an irrational fear).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:m1:1
# text = Not based on clear thinking or good reasons (an irrational fear).
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	based	base	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	reasons	reason	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **base** | participle |  |  |  | clear thinking or good reasons |  |  | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on thinking=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction of two whole numbers, and its decimals go on forever without repeating, like pi or the square root of 2.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:m2:1
# text = An irrational number cannot be written as a fraction of two whole numbers, and its decimals go on forever without repeating, like pi or the square root of 2.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
13	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	decimals	decimal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
20	on	on	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
23	repeating	repeat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	like	like	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	pi	pi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	square	square	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **write** | can · passive |  | a irrational number |  |  |  | as a fraction of two whole numbers | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Result as fraction=Attribute |
| 2 | **go on** | present | number's decimals |  |  |  |  | forever *property* | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **repeat** | gerund | number's decimals *not said here* | pi or the square root of 2 |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pi=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Irrational can also describe a creature that cannot reason or think clearly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:m3:1
# text = Irrational can also describe a creature that cannot reason or think clearly.
1	Irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	reparandum	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
13	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | a creature |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent creature=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **reason** | can | a creature |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | infinitive | a creature *not said here* |  |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My fear of balloons popping is a bit irrational.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x1:1
# text = My fear of balloons popping is a bit irrational.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	balloons	balloon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	popping	pop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pop** | gerund | balloons *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | My fear of balloons |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; irrational *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fear** |  | My | balloons |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is irrational to be angry at the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x2:1
# text = It is irrational to be angry at the rain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | irrational *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the rain |  | angry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pi is an irrational number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x3:1
# text = Pi is an irrational number.
1	Pi	pi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pi | a irrational number |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The square root of 2 is irrational: its decimals never end or repeat.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x4:1
# text = The square root of 2 is irrational: its decimals never end or repeat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	square	square	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	decimals	decimal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	end	end	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	repeat	repeat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the square root of 2 |  |  |  |  | irrational *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **end** | present | root's decimals |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **repeat** | present | root's decimals *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He made an irrational decision when he was tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x5:1
# text = He made an irrational decision when he was tired.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | He | a irrational decision |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Product |
| 2 | **is** | past | he |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some fears are irrational, but they still feel real.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x6:1
# text = Some fears are irrational, but they still feel real.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	fears	fear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some fears |  |  |  |  | irrational *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | present | fears *= fear* |  |  |  | still | real *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jupiter, seeing that Mankind, the only rational creatures, were far outnumbered by the irrational beasts, bade him redress the balance by turning some of the latter into men.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irrational:x7:1
# text = Jupiter, seeing that Mankind, the only rational creatures, were far outnumbered by the irrational beasts, bade him redress the balance by turning some of the latter into men.
1	Jupiter	Jupiter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
5	Mankind	Mankind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	rational	rational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
13	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
14	outnumbered	outnumber	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	irrational	irrational	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	bade	bade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	redress	redress	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
27	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	nmod	_	_
31	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | gerund | Jupiter |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **outnumber** | past · passive | the irrational beasts | Mankind and the only rational creatures |  |  |  | far *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |
| 3 | **redress** | infinitive | bade | the balance |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent balance=Recipient |
| 4 | **turn** | gerund | bade *not said here* | some |  |  |  | into men *result* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent some=Theme into man=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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