---
title: irregularities — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «irregularities» in the school dictionary: fraud, cheating or wrongdoing, especially with money, votes or exams. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# irregularities

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** things, News, club, Exam board, doctor, table top · **What happens:** not be, be, find, account, cancel, report · **To what, where:** irregularities, accounts, election, one test centre, irregularity, heartbeat

<!-- .vabout -->
«irregularities» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [irregularities in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/irregularities.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: euphemism, official — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
fraud, cheating or wrongdoing, especially with money, votes or exams.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:m1:1
# text = fraud, cheating or wrongdoing, especially with money, votes or exams.
1	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	wrongdoing	wrongdoing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	exams	exam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
things that are not even, regular or normal (an irregularity in a surface, in a heartbeat).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:m2:1
# text = things that are not even, regular or normal (an irregularity in a surface, in a heartbeat).
1	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
5	even	even	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | things |  |  |  |  | regular *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
News: Auditors found irregularities in the club's accounts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x1:1
# text = News: Auditors found irregularities in the club's accounts.
1	News	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Auditors	auditor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | News | irregularities |  | the club's accounts |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent irregularity=Topic |
| 2 | **account** |  | the club |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The election was cancelled after reports of irregularities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x2:1
# text = The election was cancelled after reports of irregularities.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reports	report	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cancel** | past · passive |  | the election |  |  | after reports of irregularities |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **report** |  |  | irregularities |  |  |  |  | nom report «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exam board: We are investigating irregularities at one test centre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x3:1
# text = Exam board: We are investigating irregularities at one test centre.
1	Exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	investigating	investigate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **investigate** | present · progressive | Exam board | irregularities |  | one test centre |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent irregularity=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor noticed an irregularity in his heartbeat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x4:1
# text = The doctor noticed an irregularity in his heartbeat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | the doctor | a irregularity |  | doctor's heartbeat |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer irregularity=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The table top had small irregularities in the wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x5:1
# text = The table top had small irregularities in the wood.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the table top | small irregularities |  | the wood |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent irregularity=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chat: «financial irregularities» = someone took the money

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularities:x6:1
# text = Chat: «financial irregularities» = someone took the money
1	Chat	chat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	9	punct	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
9	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Chat | the money |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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