---
title: irregularity — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «irregularity» in the school dictionary: An irregularity is something that is not normal, even or regular: a bump, a gap or a change from the pattern. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/irregularity/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [I](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/) / irregularity

# irregularity

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** irregularity, doctor, you, irregularities, coastline, Auditors · **What happens:** be, not be, not follow, notice, look, make · **To what, where:** something, pattern, irregularity, heartbeat, number pattern, election

<!-- .vabout -->
«irregularity» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [irregularity in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/irregularity.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An irregularity is something that is not normal, even or regular: a bump, a gap or a change from the pattern.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:m1:1
# text = An irregularity is something that is not normal, even or regular: a bump, a gap or a change from the pattern.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	even	even	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a irregularity | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | normal *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something wrong or against the rules, often in money or voting: «financial irregularities».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:m2:1
# text = Something wrong or against the rules, often in money or voting: «financial irregularities».
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	voting	voting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being uneven or not following a pattern.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:m3:1
# text = Being uneven or not following a pattern.
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	uneven	uneven	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | uneven *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **follow** | gerund |  | a pattern |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pattern=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor noticed an irregularity in his heartbeat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x1:1
# text = The doctor noticed an irregularity in his heartbeat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heartbeat	heartbeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | the doctor | a irregularity |  | doctor's heartbeat |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer irregularity=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look for the irregularity in the number pattern.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x2:1
# text = Look for the irregularity in the number pattern.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the number pattern |  | for the irregularity | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for irregularity=Theme in pattern=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were irregularities in the election.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x3:1
# text = There were irregularities in the election.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	election	election	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | irregularities |  |  | the election; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in election=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The irregularity of the coastline makes it hard to measure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x4:1
# text = The irregularity of the coastline makes it hard to measure.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	irregularity	irregularity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	coastline	coastline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	measure	measure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the irregularity of the coastline | coastline |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **measure** | to-infinitive | coastline *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Auditors found irregularities in the accounts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x5:1
# text = Auditors found irregularities in the accounts.
1	Auditors	auditor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Auditors | irregularities |  | the accounts |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent irregularity=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tiles had small irregularities.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:irregularity:x6:1
# text = The tiles had small irregularities.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tiles	tile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	irregularities	irregularity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the tiles | small irregularities |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent irregularity=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [irregularities](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/irregularities/)
- next →: [irrelevant](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/irrelevant/)
- ↑ back to [I in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/I/)