---
title: italian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «italian» in the school dictionary: Italian means from or about Italy, a country in southern Europe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# italian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Italian, We, Pizza, grandma, She, Ciao · **What happens:** mean, be, speak, have, learn, come · **To what, where:** Italy, Italian person, language, dinner, Italian restaurant, famous Italian food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«italian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [italian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/italian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italian means from or about Italy, a country in southern Europe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:m1:1
# text = Italian means from or about Italy, a country in southern Europe.
1	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Italian |  |  | Italy |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An Italian is a person from Italy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:m2:1
# text = An Italian is a person from Italy.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | a Italian person |  | Italy |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italian is the language spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:m3:1
# text = Italian is the language spoken in Italy and parts of Switzerland.
1	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Italian | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the language *not said here* |  | Italy and parts of Switzerland |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had dinner at an Italian restaurant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x1:1
# text = We had dinner at an Italian restaurant.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | dinner |  | a Italian restaurant |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dinner=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pizza is a famous Italian food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x2:1
# text = Pizza is a famous Italian food.
1	Pizza	pizza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pizza | a famous Italian food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's grandma is Italian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x3:1
# text = My friend's grandma is Italian.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend's grandma |  |  |  |  | italian *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is learning to speak Italian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x4:1
# text = She is learning to speak Italian.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | Italian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Ciao» means hello in Italian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x5:1
# text = «Ciao» means hello in Italian.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ciao	Ciao	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hello	hello	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Ciao | hello |  |  |  | in Italian | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in italian=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many music words come from Italian.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x6:1
# text = Many music words come from Italian.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Italian	Italian	PROPN	NNP	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Many music words |  |  | Italian |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from italian=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rome is the capital of Italy, and the people there are Italians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x7:1
# text = Rome is the capital of Italy, and the people there are Italians.
1	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	Italians	Italian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Rome | the capital |  |  |  | of Italy | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Italian team won the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x8:1
# text = The Italian team won the match.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | the Italian team | the match |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent match=Eventuality |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurs in Swift and in modern Italian folk-lore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italian:x9:1
# text = It occurs in Swift and in modern Italian folk-lore.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Swift	Swift	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
7	modern	modern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	Italian	Italian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	lore	lore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | It |  |  | Swift and modern Italian folk lore |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in swift=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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