---
title: italic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «italic» in the school dictionary: Printed letters that slope to the right, like handwriting, used to show titles or to make a word stand out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# italic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Printed letters, word, Press, thoughts, girl, teacher · **What happens:** print, slope, use, show, make, stand out · **To what, where:** right, titles, word, title, italics, book · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«italic» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [italic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/italic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Printed letters that slope to the right, like handwriting, used to show titles or to make a word stand out.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:m1:1
# text = Printed letters that slope to the right, like handwriting, used to show titles or to make a word stand out.
1	Printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	slope	slope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	handwriting	handwriting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
15	titles	title	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
22	out	out	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **slope** | present | Printed letters |  |  |  |  | to the right and handwriting | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | the right and handwriting *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | titles |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent title=Recipient |
| 5 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **stand out** | infinitive | a word *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Italic — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with ancient Italy and its peoples and languages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:m2:1
# text = To do with ancient Italy and its peoples and languages.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with ancient Italy and its peoples and languages | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The title of the book is printed in italics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x1:1
# text = The title of the book is printed in italics.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | present · passive |  | the title of the book |  | italics |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in italic=Destination |
| 2 | **title** |  |  | the book |  |  |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Press Ctrl+I to make your word italic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x2:1
# text = Press Ctrl+I to make your word italic.
1	Press	Press	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Ctrl	Ctrl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	italic	italic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive | Press | your word italic |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent italic=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the girl's thoughts are in italics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x3:1
# text = In the story, the girl's thoughts are in italics.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	thoughts	thought	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the girl's thoughts |  |  | italics |  | in the story | tree rules |
| 2 | **think** |  | the girl |  |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My teacher writes in a neat italic hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x4:1
# text = My teacher writes in a neat italic hand.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	neat	neat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	italic	italic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | My teacher |  |  | a neat italic hand |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in hand=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use italics for the names of ships, like the Titanic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x5:1
# text = Use italics for the names of ships, like the Titanic.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Titanic	Titanic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | italics |  |  |  | for the names of ships | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent italic=Theme for name=Eventuality |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | ships |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word «really» was in italics to show it was said loudly.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x6:1
# text = The word «really» was in italics to show it was said loudly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past |  |  |  | italics |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive |  | word |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | the word |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Italic letters lean to the right.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x7:1
# text = Italic letters lean to the right.
1	Italic	italic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lean	lean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | present | Italic letters |  |  |  |  | to the right | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Passages in italics indicated by underscores.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:italic:x8:1
# text = Passages in italics indicated by underscores.
1	Passages	passage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	italics	italic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	indicated	indicate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	underscores	underscore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | participle |  | italics *not said here* |  |  |  | by underscores | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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