---
title: iv — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «iv» in the school dictionary: IV is the Roman numeral for 4 (one before five. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# iv

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** IV, drip, Henry, clock, nurse, Chapter · **What happens:** be, give, use, name, mean, rule · **To what, where:** Roman numeral, drip, fluid, vein, IV, names

<!-- .vabout -->
«iv» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [iv in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/iv.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
IV is the Roman numeral for 4 (one before five.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:m1:1
# text = IV is the Roman numeral for 4 (one before five.
1	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
10	before	before	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | IV | the Roman numeral |  |  |  | for 4 | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I before V).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:m1e:1
# text = I before V).
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	V	V	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: medical — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An IV is a drip that gives fluid or medicine into a vein; short for «intravenous».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:m2:1
# text = An IV is a drip that gives fluid or medicine into a vein; short for «intravenous».
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	drip	drip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	fluid	fluid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	vein	vein	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	parataxis	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	intravenous	intravenous	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a IV | a drip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | a drip | fluid or medicine |  | a vein |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fluid=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
IV is used in names of kings, queens and popes for «the Fourth», like Henry IV.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:m3:1
# text = IV is used in names of kings, queens and popes for «the Fourth», like Henry IV.
1	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	queens	queen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	popes	pope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Fourth	fourth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
20	IV	IV	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	19	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive | Henry | IV |  | names of kings and queens and popes |  | for the Fourth | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent subject=Theme for fourth=Eventuality |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | kings and queens and popes |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
IV means 4 in Roman numerals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x1:1
# text = IV means 4 in Roman numerals.
1	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | IV | 4 |  |  |  | in Roman numerals | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot 4=Theme in numeral=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
King Henry IV ruled England.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x2:1
# text = King Henry IV ruled England.
1	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	IV	IV	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | Henry  King | England |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent england=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clock showed IV instead of 4.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x3:1
# text = The clock showed IV instead of 4.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	IV	iv	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the clock |  | IV |  |  | instead 4 | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent iv=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse put an IV in his arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x4:1
# text = The nurse put an IV in his arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the nurse | a IV |  | nurse's arm |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent iv=Theme in arm=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapter IV begins on page 30.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x5:1
# text = Chapter IV begins on page 30.
1	Chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	IV	IV	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	1	flat	_	_
3	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | Chapter |  |  | page |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
VI is 6, but IV is 4, because the smaller number comes first.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:iv:x6:1
# text = VI is 6, but IV is 4, because the smaller number comes first.
1	VI	VI	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	IV	iv	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
15	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | VI | 6 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | IV | 4 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | present | the smaller number |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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