---
title: ix — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ix» in the school dictionary: The Roman numeral for 9. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ix

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Charles, It, ix, I, Chapter IX, Louis · **What happens:** use, read, name, not be, be, mean · **To what, where:** names, kings, English word, own, two letters, 10

<!-- .vabout -->
«ix» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ix in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ix.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Roman numeral for 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:m1:1
# text = The Roman numeral for 9.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	numeral	numeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I (1) before X (10) means 10 minus 1.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:m1e:1
# text = I (1) before X (10) means 10 minus 1.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	X	X	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obj	_	_
12	minus	minus	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | I | 10 |  |  |  | minus 1 | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 10=Topic |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in names of kings, popes, chapters and events, like Charles IX or Super Bowl IX, read as «the ninth» or «nine».

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:m2:1
# text = Used in names of kings, popes, chapters and events, like Charles IX or Super Bowl IX, read as «the ninth» or «nine».
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	popes	pope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	chapters	chapter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
15	IX	IX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	Super	Super	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Bowl	Bowl	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	IX	ix	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	18	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl:relcl	_	_
22	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
23	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	ninth	ninth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	25	punct	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	nine	nine	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | names of kings and popes and chapters and events |  | like Charles or Super Bowl | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | infinitive | Charles or Super Bowl *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **name** |  |  | kings and popes and chapters and events |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not an English word on its own; as small letters «ix» it is just two letters.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:m3:1
# text = It is not an English word on its own; as small letters «ix» it is just two letters.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	ix	ix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	just	just	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | It | a English word |  | word's own |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | ix | two letters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
IX means 9 in Roman numerals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x1:1
# text = IX means 9 in Roman numerals.
1	IX	ix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | IX | 9 |  |  |  | in Roman numerals | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot 9=Theme in numeral=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chapter IX is the scariest part of the book.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x2:1
# text = Chapter IX is the scariest part of the book.
1	Chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	IX	ix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	scariest	scarey	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Chapter IX | the scariest part |  |  |  | of the book | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
King Louis IX of France lived in the 1200s.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x3:1
# text = King Louis IX of France lived in the 1200s.
1	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod:desc	_	_
2	Louis	Louis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	IX	IX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	1200s	1200	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past | Louis  King of France |  |  | the 1200s |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1200=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On our old clock, the 9 is written as IX.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x4:1
# text = On our old clock, the 9 is written as IX.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	IX	ix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | the 9 |  | our old clock |  | as IX | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on clock=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
X minus I gives IX, which is 9.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x5:1
# text = X minus I gives IX, which is 9.
1	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	minus	minus	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	IX	IX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | X minus I | IX |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ix=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | IX | 9 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you write 19 in Roman numerals? It is XIX.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Can you write 19 in Roman numerals?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x6:1
# text = Can you write 19 in Roman numerals?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	19	19	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	numerals	numeral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | can | you | 19 |  | Roman numerals |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent 19=Theme in numeral=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It is XIX.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x6:2
# text = It is XIX.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	XIX	XIX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | XIX |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pope Pius IX is read «Pope Pius the Ninth».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ix:x7:1
# text = Pope Pius IX is read «Pope Pius the Ninth».
1	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Pius	Pius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	IX	IX	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Pius	Pius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Ninth	Ninth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · passive |  | Pope |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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