---
title: jaguar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jaguar» in the school dictionary: A jaguar is a big, powerful wild cat of Central and South America, with golden fur covered in rosettes that have spots inside them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jaguar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jaguar, rosettes, Jaguars, ancient Maya, new car, This · **What happens:** be, cover, have, hunt, catch, creep · **To what, where:** big powerful wild cat, golden fur, spots, strong swimmers, rainforests, capybaras

<!-- .vabout -->
«jaguar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jaguar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jaguar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jaguar is a big, powerful wild cat of Central and South America, with golden fur covered in rosettes that have spots inside them.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:m1:1
# text = A jaguar is a big, powerful wild cat of Central and South America, with golden fur covered in rosettes that have spots inside them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
19	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jaguar | a big powerful wild cat and golden fur |  |  |  | of Central America | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | golden fur *not said here* |  |  |  | in rosettes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in rosette=Theme |
| 3 | **have** | present | rosettes | spots |  |  |  | inside spots *= spot* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jaguars are strong swimmers and hunt in rainforests and swamps, catching capybaras, fish, turtles and even caimans.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:m2:1
# text = Jaguars are strong swimmers and hunt in rainforests and swamps, catching capybaras, fish, turtles and even caimans.
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rainforests	rainforest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	swamps	swamp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	capybaras	capybara	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	turtles	turtle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	even	even	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	caimans	caiman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jaguars | strong swimmers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hunt** | present | Jaguars *not said here* |  |  | rainforests and swamps |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in rainforest=Location |
| 3 | **catch** | gerund | Jaguars *not said here* | capybaras and fish and turtles and caimans |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capybara=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jaguar (with a capital J) is a British make of expensive car.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:m3:1
# text = Jaguar (with a capital J) is a British make of expensive car.
1	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	J	J	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	make	make	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jaguar | a British make |  |  |  | of expensive car | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jaguar crept silently through the rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x1:1
# text = The jaguar crept silently through the rainforest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	silently	silently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **creep** | past | the jaguar |  |  | the rainforest |  | silently *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through rainforest=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jaguars are the biggest cats in South America.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x2:1
# text = Jaguars are the biggest cats in South America.
1	Jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jaguars | the biggest cats |  | South America |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Unlike most cats, jaguars love water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x3:1
# text = Unlike most cats, jaguars love water.
1	Unlike	unlike	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	cats	cat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | jaguars | water |  |  |  | unlike most cats | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jaguar's rosettes have little spots inside them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x4:1
# text = A jaguar's rosettes have little spots inside them.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	rosettes	rosette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a jaguar's rosettes | little spots |  |  |  | inside spots *= spot* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spot=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jaguar pounced on a caiman by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x5:1
# text = The jaguar pounced on a caiman by the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	pounced	pounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	caiman	caiman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pounce** | participle |  | the jaguar *not said here* |  | a caiman |  | by the river | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on caiman=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ancient Maya carved jaguars on their temples.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x6:1
# text = The ancient Maya carved jaguars on their temples.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carved	carve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	jaguars	jaguar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	temples	temple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past | the ancient Maya | jaguars |  | jaguars's temples |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jaguar=Theme on temple=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle's new car is a Jaguar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x7:1
# text = My uncle's new car is a Jaguar.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Jaguar	Jaguar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle's new car | a Jaguar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This is almost identical with a story quoted by Mr. Smith, where the jaguar is about to marry the deer's daughter.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaguar:x8:1
# text = This is almost identical with a story quoted by Mr. Smith, where the jaguar is about to marry the deer's daughter.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	quoted	quote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Mr.	Mr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:desc	_	_
11	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	jaguar	jaguar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	about	about	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | This |  |  |  |  | with a story; almost, identical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **quote** *speech: other* | participle |  | a story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | the jaguar |  |  |  |  | about *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **marry** | to-infinitive | the jaguar *not said here* | the deer's daughter |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent daughter=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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