---
title: jain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jain» in the school dictionary: A follower of Jainism, an old religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** old religion, family, Jains, We, Many Jains, Jain festival · **What happens:** teach, live, belong, be, try, not harm · **To what, where:** non-violence, living things, Jainism, Jains, living creature, beautiful Jain temple

<!-- .vabout -->
«jain» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A follower of Jainism, an old religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:m1:1
# text = A follower of Jainism, an old religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	follower	follower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	non-violence	non-violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
16	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	amod	_	_
17	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a old religion from India | non-violence | all living things |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent non-violence=Topic to thing=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to Jainism, as in a Jain temple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:m2:1
# text = Belonging to Jainism, as in a Jain temple.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Jain	Jain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  |  | Jainism |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Also a family name in India.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:m3:1
# text = Also a family name in India.
1	Also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's family are Jains.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x1:1
# text = My friend's family are Jains.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Jains	Jain	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My friend's family | Jains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jains try not to harm any living creature.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x2:1
# text = Jains try not to harm any living creature.
1	Jains	jain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	try	try	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
7	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | present | Jains |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **not** **harm** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Jains *not said here* | any living creature |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus creature=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited a beautiful Jain temple.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x3:1
# text = We visited a beautiful Jain temple.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Jain	jain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | a beautiful Jain temple |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temple=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Jains do not eat root vegetables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x4:1
# text = Many Jains do not eat root vegetables.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Jains	jain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Many Jains | root vegetables |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vegetable=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Jain festival of Diwali is also important to them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x5:1
# text = The Jain festival of Diwali is also important to them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Jain	Jain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Diwali	Diwali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Jain festival of Diwali |  | them *= they* |  |  | important *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Jain is our new maths teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jain:x6:1
# text = Mr Jain is our new maths teacher.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Jain	Jain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mr | our maths teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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