---
title: jainism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jainism» in the school dictionary: An ancient religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things, honesty, and freeing the soul by living simply. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jainism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ancient religion, Jains, Jainism, Many people, beautiful Jain temple, we · **What happens:** teach, live, free, follow, call, begin · **To what, where:** non-violence, living things, soul, teachings, Mahavira, India · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jainism» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jainism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jainism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An ancient religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things, honesty, and freeing the soul by living simply.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:m1:1
# text = An ancient religion from India that teaches non-violence to all living things, honesty, and freeing the soul by living simply.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	non-violence	non-violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	freeing	free	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
22	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | a ancient religion from India | non-violence | all living things |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent non-violence=Topic to thing=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **free** | gerund | a ancient religion from India *not said here* | the soul |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer soul=Source |
| 4 | **live** | gerund | a ancient religion from India *not said here* |  |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jains follow the teachings of Mahavira and earlier great teachers called Tirthankaras.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:m2:1
# text = Jains follow the teachings of Mahavira and earlier great teachers called Tirthankaras.
1	Jains	jain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teachings	teaching	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Mahavira	Mahavira	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
12	Tirthankaras	Tirthankaras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | Jains | the teachings of Mahavira and great teachers |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teaching=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the teachings of Mahavira and great teachers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **teach** |  |  | Mahavira |  |  |  |  | nom teaching «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jainism began in India over 2,500 years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x1:1
# text = Jainism began in India over 2,500 years ago.
1	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	2,500	2500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Jainism |  |  | India |  | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jainism teaches respect for every living thing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x2:1
# text = Jainism teaches respect for every living thing.
1	Jainism	jainism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	teaches	teach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | present | Jainism | respect |  |  |  | for every living thing | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent respect=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people who follow Jainism do not eat meat, fish or eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x3:1
# text = Many people who follow Jainism do not eat meat, fish or eggs.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	follow	follow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | present | Many people | Jainism |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jainism=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **eat** | present · do-support | Many people | meat and fish or eggs |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jains believe that the soul can be freed from the cycle of rebirth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x4:1
# text = Jains believe that the soul can be freed from the cycle of rebirth.
1	Jains	jain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	freed	free	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rebirth	rebirth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Jains |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **free** | can · passive |  | the soul |  | the cycle of rebirth |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There is a beautiful Jain temple in Leicester.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x5:1
# text = There is a beautiful Jain temple in Leicester.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Jain	Jain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	temple	temple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Leicester	Leicester	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a beautiful Jain temple in Leicester |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In RE we compared Jainism and Buddhism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x6:1
# text = In RE we compared Jainism and Buddhism.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	RE	RE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Buddhism	Buddhism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | we | Jainism and Buddhism |  | RE |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jainism=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the heart of Jainism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jainism:x7:1
# text = Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the heart of Jainism.
1	Ahimsa	Ahimsa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	non-violence	non-violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Jainism	Jainism	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ahimsa | the heart |  |  |  | of Jainism | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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