---
title: jam — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jam» in the school dictionary: Jam is a sweet food made from fruit and sugar that you spread on bread. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jam

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jam, sugar, traffic jam, door, Mom, jar · **What happens:** be, make, spread, not move, jam, push · **To what, where:** sweet food, fruit, bread, something, space, difficult situation

<!-- .vabout -->
«jam» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jam in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jam.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jam is a sweet food made from fruit and sugar that you spread on bread.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:m1:1
# text = Jam is a sweet food made from fruit and sugar that you spread on bread.
1	Jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jam | a sweet food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a sweet food *not said here* |  | fruit and sugar |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from fruit=Material |
| 3 | **spread** | present | sugar |  |  | bread |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bread=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A traffic jam is when many cars are stuck and cannot move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:m2:1
# text = A traffic jam is when many cars are stuck and cannot move.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a traffic jam |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **move** | can | a traffic jam *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jam is to get stuck or to push something tightly into a space: the door jammed.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:m3:1
# text = To jam is to get stuck or to push something tightly into a space: the door jammed.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jam	jam	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	_
11	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	jammed	jam	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jam** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | get, stuck *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **push** | to-infinitive |  | something |  | a space |  | tightly *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme into space=Destination |
| 4 | **jam** | past | the door |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jam is a difficult situation: in a jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:m4:1
# text = A jam is a difficult situation: in a jam.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jam | a difficult situation |  | a jam |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jam is also to play music together freely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:m5:1
# text = To jam is also to play music together freely.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	together	together	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	freely	freely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | freely, play, together *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mom made 6 jars of jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x1:1
# text = Mom made 6 jars of jam.
1	Mom	mom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	jars	jar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mom | 6 jars of jam |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jar=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each jar holds 250 grams of jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x2:1
# text = Each jar holds 250 grams of jam.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	250	250	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	grams	gram	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | each jar | 250 grams of jam |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gram=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They sat in a traffic jam for 20 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x3:1
# text = They sat in a traffic jam for 20 minutes.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | They |  |  | a traffic jam | minute |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in jam=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She spreads jam on 8 slices of bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x4:1
# text = She spreads jam on 8 slices of bread.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	slices	slice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | She | jam |  | 8 slices of bread |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jam=Theme on slice=Destination |
| 2 | **slice** |  |  | bread |  |  |  |  | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I like toast with strawberry jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x5:1
# text = I like toast with strawberry jam.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	strawberry	strawberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | I | toast |  |  |  | with strawberry jam | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot toast=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The printer has a paper jam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x6:1
# text = The printer has a paper jam.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the printer | a paper jam |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jam=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drawer jammed and would not open.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x7:1
# text = The drawer jammed and would not open.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drawer	drawer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jammed	jam	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jam** | past | the drawer |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **open** | would | the drawer *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bus was jam-packed with fans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x8:1
# text = The bus was jam-packed with fans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	packed	pack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pack** | past · passive |  | the bus |  |  |  | with fans | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with fan=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am in a jam: I forgot my homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x9:1
# text = I am in a jam: I forgot my homework.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | I |  |  | a jam |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **forget** | past | I | my homework |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“And after the cauliflower, some cake and jam.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jam:x10:1
# text = “And after the cauliflower, some cake and jam.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	after	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cauliflower	cauliflower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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