---
title: january — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «january» in the school dictionary: January is the first month of the year, with 31 days, between December and February. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# january

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** January, It, birthday, January sales, We, Vacation · **What happens:** be, have, snow, start, go back, name · **To what, where:** first month, Canada, summer, January, first

<!-- .vabout -->
«january» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [january in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/january.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
January is the first month of the year, with 31 days, between December and February.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:m1:1
# text = January is the first month of the year, with 31 days, between December and February.
1	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	between	between	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	February	February	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | January | the first month |  |  | year |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
January has 31 days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x1:1
# text = January has 31 days.
1	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	31	31	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | January |  |  |  | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It often snows in January in Canada.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x2:1
# text = It often snows in January in Canada.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	snows	snow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snow** | present | It |  |  | Canada | january | often *property* | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, January is summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x3:1
# text = In Australia, January is summer.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | January's summer |  |  | january |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My birthday is in January.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x4:1
# text = My birthday is in January.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My birthday |  |  |  |  | in January | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The January sales start after Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x5:1
# text = The January sales start after Christmas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the January sales |  |  |  | after Christmas |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We go back to school in January.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x6:1
# text = We go back to school in January.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | present | We |  |  |  | january | to school *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to school=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
January is named after the Roman god Janus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x7:1
# text = January is named after the Roman god Janus.
1	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	Janus	Janus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | present · passive |  | January |  |  | after the Roman god |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vacation begins on the first of January and ends on the last day of December.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:january:x8:1
# text = Vacation begins on the first of January and ends on the last day of December.
1	Vacation	vacation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	begins	begin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	first	first	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	December	December	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | present | Vacation |  |  | the first of January |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **end** | present | Vacation *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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