---
title: japanese — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «japanese» in the school dictionary: Japanese means from or about Japan, an island country in East Asia. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# japanese

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Japanese, Sushi, We, Origami, pen pal, Judo · **What happens:** mean, be, write, learn, use, visit · **To what, where:** Japan, people, language, Japanese food, Japanese words, class · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«japanese» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [japanese in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/japanese.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese means from or about Japan, an island country in East Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:m1:1
# text = Japanese means from or about Japan, an island country in East Asia.
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Japanese |  |  | Japan |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Japanese are the people of Japan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:m2:1
# text = The Japanese are the people of Japan.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Japanese | the people |  |  |  | of Japan | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese is the language of Japan, written with kanji, hiragana and katakana characters.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:m3:1
# text = Japanese is the language of Japan, written with kanji, hiragana and katakana characters.
1	Japanese	japanese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	kanji	kanji	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	hiragana	hiragana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	katakana	katakana	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Japanese | the language |  |  |  | of Japan | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | the language *not said here* |  |  |  | with kanji and hiragana and katakana characters | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sushi is a Japanese food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x1:1
# text = Sushi is a Japanese food.
1	Sushi	sushi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sushi | a Japanese food |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned some Japanese words in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x2:1
# text = We learned some Japanese words in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | some Japanese words |  | class |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x3:1
# text = Origami is the Japanese art of paper folding.
1	Origami	origami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	folding	folding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Origami | the Japanese art |  |  |  | of paper folding | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My pen pal is Japanese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x4:1
# text = My pen pal is Japanese.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	pen	pen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pal	pal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My pen pal |  |  |  |  | japanese *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Japanese uses three kinds of writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x5:1
# text = Japanese uses three kinds of writing.
1	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Japanese | three kinds of writing |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judo is a Japanese sport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x6:1
# text = Judo is a Japanese sport.
1	Judo	Judo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Judo | a Japanese sport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited a peaceful Japanese garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x7:1
# text = We visited a peaceful Japanese garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | a peaceful Japanese garden |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garden=Co-Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Arigato» means thank you in Japanese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x8:1
# text = «Arigato» means thank you in Japanese.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Arigato	Arigato	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Japanese	Japanese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Arigato |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you | Japanese |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The great Japanese general Momotaro has come to fight you and to take your stronghold from you.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:japanese:x9:1
# text = The great Japanese general Momotaro has come to fight you and to take your stronghold from you.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	Momotaro	Momotaro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
14	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present · perfect | the great Japanese general Momotaro |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the great Japanese general Momotaro *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | the great Japanese general Momotaro *not said here* | your stronghold |  |  |  | from you | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent stronghold=Theme from you=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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