---
title: jaw — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jaw» in the school dictionary: One of the two bones at the bottom of the face that hold the teeth; the lower jaw moves when you eat or speak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jaw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** face, lower jaw, you, Jaws, parts, crocodile · **What happens:** hold, move, eat, speak, be, grip · **To what, where:** teeth, mouth parts, things, huge jaws, giant cake, rows · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jaw» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jaw in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jaw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the two bones at the bottom of the face that hold the teeth; the lower jaw moves when you eat or speak.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:m1:1
# text = One of the two bones at the bottom of the face that hold the teeth; the lower jaw moves when you eat or speak.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
21	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the face | the teeth |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | present | the lower jaw |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **eat** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Jaws» are the mouth parts of an animal, like a shark's or crocodile's jaws.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:m2:1
# text = «Jaws» are the mouth parts of an animal, like a shark's or crocodile's jaws.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shark	shark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	's	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jaws | the mouth parts and a shark's crocodile's jaws |  |  |  | of a animal | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The parts of a tool that grip things, like the jaws of a vice or pliers.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:m3:1
# text = The parts of a tool that grip things, like the jaws of a vice or pliers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grip	grip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	vice	vice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	pliers	plier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grip** | present | the parts | things |  |  |  | of a tool; like the jaws of a vice or pliers | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crocodile snapped its huge jaws shut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x1:1
# text = The crocodile snapped its huge jaws shut.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	snapped	snap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	shut	shut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snap** | past | the crocodile | crocodile's huge jaws |  |  |  | shut *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jaw=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My jaw hurts after the dentist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x2:1
# text = My jaw hurts after the dentist.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurts	hurt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	dentist	dentist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | present | My jaw |  |  |  | after the dentist |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our lower jaw moves when we chew.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x3:1
# text = Our lower jaw moves when we chew.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	chew	chew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | Our lower jaw |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **chew** | present | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His jaw dropped when he saw the giant cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x4:1
# text = His jaw dropped when he saw the giant cake.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | His jaw |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | past | jaw | the giant cake |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cake=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharks have rows of sharp teeth in their jaws.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x5:1
# text = Sharks have rows of sharp teeth in their jaws.
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sharks | rows of sharp teeth in Sharks's jaws |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent row=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jaws of the clamp hold the wood still.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x6:1
# text = The jaws of the clamp hold the wood still.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clamp	clamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the jaws of the clamp | the wood |  |  | still |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wood=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician did a jaw-dropping trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x7:1
# text = The magician did a jaw-dropping trick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	jaw	jaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the magician | a dropping trick |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Eventuality |
| 2 | **drop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then the dragon opened her jaws wider and wider and wider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jaw:x8:1
# text = Then the dragon opened her jaws wider and wider and wider.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dragon	dragon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | past | the dragon | dragon's jaws |  |  | then | wide *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jaw=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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