---
title: jay — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jay» in the school dictionary: A jay is a noisy, colourful bird of the crow family; the Eurasian jay is pinkish brown with bright blue wing patches, and the blue jay of North America is blue and white. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jay

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jay, Eurasian jay, blue jay, cat, Blue jays, Jays · **What happens:** be, write, bury, screech, come, visit · **To what, where:** noisy colourful bird, letter, name, insult, bird feeder, Toronto · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jay» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jay in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jay.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jay is a noisy, colourful bird of the crow family; the Eurasian jay is pinkish brown with bright blue wing patches, and the blue jay of North America is blue and white.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:m1:1
# text = A jay is a noisy, colourful bird of the crow family; the Eurasian jay is pinkish brown with bright blue wing patches, and the blue jay of North America is blue and white.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Eurasian	eurasian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	pinkish	pinkish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
21	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
22	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jay | a noisy colourful bird |  |  |  | of the crow family | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Eurasian jay |  |  |  |  | with bright blue wing patches; brown *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | the blue jay of North America |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | the blue jay of North America *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Jay» is how we say and sometimes write the letter J.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:m2:1
# text = «Jay» is how we say and sometimes write the letter J.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jay	Jay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	10	advmod	_	_
10	write	write	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	J.	J.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Jay |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present | Jay *not said here* | the letter |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jay is also a name (a name).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:m3:1
# text = Jay is also a name (a name).
1	Jay	Jay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jay | a name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jay can also be an insult for a silly, foolish person.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:m4:1
# text = Jay can also be an insult for a silly, foolish person.
1	Jay	Jay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
9	silly	silly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Jay | a insult |  |  |  | for a silly foolish person | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jay buried acorns all over the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x1:1
# text = A jay buried acorns all over the park.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	acorns	acorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jay screeched loudly when the cat came near.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x2:1
# text = The jay screeched loudly when the cat came near.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	screeched	screech	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	near	near	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **screech** | past | the jay |  |  |  |  | loudly *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past | the cat |  |  |  |  | near *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blue jays visited our bird feeder in Toronto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x3:1
# text = Blue jays visited our bird feeder in Toronto.
1	Blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	jays	jay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	feeder	feeder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Toronto	Toronto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | Blue jays | our bird feeder |  | Toronto |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeder=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jays are clever members of the crow family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x4:1
# text = Jays are clever members of the crow family.
1	Jays	jay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jays | clever members |  |  |  | of the crow family | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Forgotten acorns hidden by jays grow into new oak trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x5:1
# text = Forgotten acorns hidden by jays grow into new oak trees.
1	Forgotten	forgotten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	acorns	acorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	jays	jay	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | participle |  | Forgotten acorns *not said here* |  |  |  | by jays | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by jay=Location |
| 2 | **grow** | present | Forgotten acorns |  |  |  |  | into new oak trees *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into tree=Result |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Jay» is the name of the letter J.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x6:1
# text = «Jay» is the name of the letter J.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jay	Jay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	J.	J.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Jay | the name |  |  |  | of the letter | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cousin Jay plays the drums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x7:1
# text = My cousin Jay plays the drums.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	Jay	Jay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
4	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My cousin | the drums |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drum=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“You dunderheaded little jay!” she screamed, “Why don’t you do as I tell you?”

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jay:x8:1
# text = “You dunderheaded little jay!” she screamed, “Why don’t you do as I tell you?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dunderheaded	dunderhead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jay	jay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	screamed	scream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
13	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n’t	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	tell	tell	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	19	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dunderhead** *in a quote* | past | You | little jay |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **scream** *speech: express* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | I |  | you |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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