---
title: jigsaw — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jigsaw» in the school dictionary: A jigsaw (jigsaw puzzle) is a picture cut into many oddly shaped pieces that you fit together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jigsaw

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jigsaw, many shaped pieces, We, you, last piece, little brother · **What happens:** be, cut, fit together, mean, do, start · **To what, where:** picture, saw, curves, wood, difficult problem, many parts

<!-- .vabout -->
«jigsaw» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jigsaw in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jigsaw.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jigsaw (jigsaw puzzle) is a picture cut into many oddly shaped pieces that you fit together.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:m1:1
# text = A jigsaw (jigsaw puzzle) is a picture cut into many oddly shaped pieces that you fit together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	oddly	oddly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	shaped	shaped	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	together	together	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jigsaw | a picture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | participle |  | a picture *not said here* |  |  |  | into many shaped pieces | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into piece=Patient |
| 3 | **fit together** | present | many shaped pieces |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jigsaw is a saw with a thin blade for cutting curves in wood.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:m2:1
# text = A jigsaw is a saw with a thin blade for cutting curves in wood.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	saw	saw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
12	curves	curve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jigsaw | a saw |  |  |  | with a thin blade | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut** | gerund | a jigsaw *not said here* | curves |  | wood |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset curve=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jigsaw can mean a difficult problem with many parts that must be fitted together.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:m3:1
# text = A jigsaw can mean a difficult problem with many parts that must be fitted together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	fitted	fit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	together	together	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a jigsaw | a difficult problem |  |  |  | with many parts | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Topic |
| 2 | **fit together** | must · passive |  | many parts |  |  |  | together *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did a 500-piece jigsaw on the kitchen table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x1:1
# text = We did a 500-piece jigsaw on the kitchen table.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a piece jigsaw |  | the kitchen table |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jigsaw=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Start the jigsaw with the corner pieces.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x2:1
# text = Start the jigsaw with the corner pieces.
1	Start	start	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | imperative | you *not said here* | the jigsaw |  |  |  | with the corner pieces | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.subeventuality»: agent=Agent jigsaw=Eventuality with piece=Subeventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last piece of the jigsaw was missing!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x3:1
# text = The last piece of the jigsaw was missing!
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	missing	missing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the last piece of the jigsaw |  |  |  |  | missing *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother likes jigsaws of animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x4:1
# text = My little brother likes jigsaws of animals.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	jigsaws	jigsaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | My little brother | jigsaws of animals |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot jigsaw=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective put the clues together like a jigsaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x5:1
# text = The detective put the clues together like a jigsaw.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	clues	clue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the detective | the clues |  |  |  | like a jigsaw; together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent clue=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad cut the wooden shapes with a jigsaw.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x6:1
# text = Dad cut the wooden shapes with a jigsaw.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | Dad | the wooden shapes |  |  |  | with a jigsaw | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient with jigsaw=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This jigsaw has a picture of a castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x7:1
# text = This jigsaw has a picture of a castle.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this jigsaw | a picture of a castle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent picture=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each jigsaw piece fits in only one place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jigsaw:x8:1
# text = Each jigsaw piece fits in only one place.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	jigsaw	jigsaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present | each jigsaw piece |  |  | one place |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent in place=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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