---
title: jingle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jingle» in the school dictionary: A jingle is a light ringing sound made by small metal things, like keys, coins or little bells, knocking together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jingle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jingle, short bouncy rhyme, I, keys, coins, We · **What happens:** ring, be, make, knock together, jingle, cause · **To what, where:** ringing sound, sound, short catchy tune, advert, short bouncy rhyme, jingle

<!-- .vabout -->
«jingle» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jingle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jingle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jingle is a light ringing sound made by small metal things, like keys, coins or little bells, knocking together.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:m1:1
# text = A jingle is a light ringing sound made by small metal things, like keys, coins or little bells, knocking together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ringing	ring	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	keys	key	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	appos	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	bells	bell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	knocking	knock	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
23	together	together	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ring** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a jingle | a ringing sound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  | a ringing sound *not said here* |  |  |  | by small metal things and keys | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **knock together** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To jingle is to make or cause that sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:m2:1
# text = To jingle is to make or cause that sound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	jingle	jingle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jingle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cause** | infinitive |  | that sound |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sound=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jingle is a short, catchy tune or song used in an advert on radio or TV.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:m3:1
# text = A jingle is a short, catchy tune or song used in an advert on radio or TV.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	catchy	catchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jingle | a short catchy tune or song |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a short catchy tune or song *not said here* |  | a advert |  | on radio or TV | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jingle can also be a short, bouncy rhyme that is easy to remember.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:m4:1
# text = A jingle can also be a short, bouncy rhyme that is easy to remember.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	bouncy	bouncy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	rhyme	rhyme	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a jingle | a short bouncy rhyme |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a short bouncy rhyme |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **remember** | to-infinitive | a short bouncy rhyme *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I heard the jingle of Mum's keys at the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x1:1
# text = I heard the jingle of Mum's keys at the door.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	keys	key	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | I | the jingle of Mum's keys |  | the door |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer jingle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **jingle** |  | Mum's keys |  |  |  |  |  | nom jingle «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coins jingled in my pocket.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x2:1
# text = The coins jingled in my pocket.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	jingled	jingle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jingle** | past | the coins |  |  | my pocket |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pocket=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sang «Jingle Bells» at the Christmas concert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x3:1
# text = We sang «Jingle Bells» at the Christmas concert.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Jingle	Jingle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Bells	Bell	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | We | Jingle Bells |  | the Christmas concert |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location bell=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat's bell jingles when she moves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x4:1
# text = The cat's bell jingles when she moves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	jingles	jingle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jingle** | present | the cat's bell |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **move** | present | cat |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That advert jingle is stuck in my head!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x5:1
# text = That advert jingle is stuck in my head!
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | that advert jingle |  |  | my head |  | stuck *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice-cream van's jingle played down the street.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x6:1
# text = The ice-cream van's jingle played down the street.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	jingle	jingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play down** | past | the cream van's jingle | the street |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **jingle** |  | the cream van |  |  |  |  |  | nom jingle «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He jingled the money in his hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jingle:x7:1
# text = He jingled the money in his hand.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jingled	jingle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jingle** | past | He | the money |  | his hand |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location money=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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