---
title: jock — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jock» in the school dictionary: A young person, especially a boy, who loves sport and is part of the sporty, popular group at school, sometimes shown as not interested in study. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jock

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** young person, jockey, jocks, He, radio jock, my · **What happens:** love, be, show, ride, wear, sit · **To what, where:** sport, part, racehorses, support, film, jock · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jock» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jock in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jock.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: US, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A young person, especially a boy, who loves sport and is part of the sporty, popular group at school, sometimes shown as not interested in study.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:m1:1
# text = A young person, especially a boy, who loves sport and is part of the sporty, popular group at school, sometimes shown as not interested in study.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
11	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
17	sporty	sporty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	popular	popular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
21	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	25	advmod	_	_
25	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	interested	interested	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | a young person and a boy | sport |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sport=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a young person and a boy | part |  |  |  | of the sporty popular group at school | tree rules |
| 3 | **show** | participle | a young person and a boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | interested, sometimes *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, slang, can be offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Scottish person, especially a Scottish man; often «Jock».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:m2:1
# text = A Scottish person, especially a Scottish man; often «Jock».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	Jock	jock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for a disc jockey (DJ) or a jockey who rides racehorses.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:m3:1
# text = Short for a disc jockey (DJ) or a jockey who rides racehorses.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	disc	disc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	jockey	jockey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	DJ	dj	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	jockey	jockey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	rides	ride	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	racehorses	racehorse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | present | a jockey | racehorses |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent racehorse=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for a jockstrap, a support worn by boys and men in sport.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:m4:1
# text = Short for a jockstrap, a support worn by boys and men in sport.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	jockstrap	jockstrap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | participle |  | a support *not said here* |  | sport |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the film, the jocks sat at their own table in the cafeteria.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x1:1
# text = In the film, the jocks sat at their own table in the cafeteria.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jocks	jock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	cafeteria	cafeteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | the jocks |  |  | the film |  | at jocks's own table; in the cafeteria | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in film=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He's a jock, but he also loves poetry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x2:1
# text = He's a jock, but he also loves poetry.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	jock	jock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	poetry	poetry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | He | a jock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **love** | present | he | poetry |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer poetry=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The radio jock played my favourite song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x3:1
# text = The radio jock played my favourite song.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jock	jock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the radio jock | my favourite song |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent song=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a «dumb jock» is unkind and untrue.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x4:1
# text = Calling someone a «dumb jock» is unkind and untrue.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	dumb	dumb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	jock	jock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	untrue	untrue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  |  | someone |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Calling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The football jocks were training on the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x5:1
# text = The football jocks were training on the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jocks	jock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	training	train	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | past · progressive | the football jocks |  |  | the field |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Hey, Jock!» shouted his English cousin, and he didn't like it.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x6:1
# text = «Hey, Jock!» shouted his English cousin, and he didn't like it.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hey	hey	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Jock	Jock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Jock | Jock's English cousin |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cousin=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **like** | past · do-support | Jock | cousin |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shock jock says rude things on the radio to get attention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x7:1
# text = A shock jock says rude things on the radio to get attention.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shock	shock	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jock	jock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
12	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a shock jock | rude things |  | the radio |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent thing=Topic |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | a shock jock *not said here* | attention |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer attention=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But it was too clever for Jock and her both.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jock:x8:1
# text = But it was too clever for Jock and her both.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Jock	Jock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | for Jock; clever *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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