---
title: joining — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joining» in the school dictionary: Joining is the -ing form of join: putting things together. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joining

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Joining, ing form, It, team, 3 girls, many · **What happens:** be, put, mean, become, come, take · **To what, where:** ing form, things, part, 11 players, choir, two pieces

<!-- .vabout -->
«joining» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joining in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/joining.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joining is the -ing form of join: putting things together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:m1:1
# text = Joining is the -ing form of join: putting things together.
1	Joining	joining	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	ing	ing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	join	join	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Joining | the ing form |  |  |  | of join | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | the ing form *not said here* | things |  |  |  | together *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent thing=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It means becoming part of a group, club or team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:m2:1
# text = It means becoming part of a group, club or team.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	becoming	become	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **become** *not said to happen* | gerund |  | part of a group |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can mean coming to be with someone or taking part: joining in a game.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:m3:1
# text = It can mean coming to be with someone or taking part: joining in a game.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	ccomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with someone | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | gerund |  | part |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |
| 5 | **join** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in a game | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in game=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After joining, the team had 11 players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x1:1
# text = After joining, the team had 11 players.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund | the team *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | past | the team | 11 players |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent player=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
3 girls are joining the choir.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x2:1
# text = 3 girls are joining the choir.
1	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	girls	girl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · progressive | 3 girls | the choir |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent choir=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joining two pieces of 5 cm gives 10 cm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x3:1
# text = Joining two pieces of 5 cm gives 10 cm.
1	Joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund |  | two pieces of 5 cm |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | present | Joining | 10 cm |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cm=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many after joining?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x4:1
# text = How many after joining?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund | many |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thanks for joining us today!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x5:1
# text = Thanks for joining us today!
1	Thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
3	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	acl	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund | Thanks *not said here* | us |  |  | today |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is joining a new school next term.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x6:1
# text = She is joining a new school next term.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	joining	join	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · progressive | She | a new school |  |  |  | next term *obl:unmarked* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent school=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are learning joined-up writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x7:1
# text = We are learning joined-up writing.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | We | joined writing |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |
| 2 | **join up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The joining fee for the club is 10 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x8:1
# text = The joining fee for the club is 10 dollars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	fee	fee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the joining fee for the club | 10 dollars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Presently he heard a voice joining in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joining:x9:1
# text = Presently he heard a voice joining in it.
1	Presently	presently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | he | a voice |  |  |  | presently *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |
| 2 | **join** | gerund | a voice *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in voice | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in it=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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