---
title: joint — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joint» in the school dictionary: A place in the body where two bones meet so it can bend or turn, such as the knee, elbow or shoulder. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joint

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** place, knee, shoulder, joints, it, They · **What happens:** meet, bend, turn, join, share, do · **To what, where:** two pieces, hinge joint, ball socket joint, pipe, joint, joint winners

<!-- .vabout -->
«joint» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joint in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/joint.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A place in the body where two bones meet so it can bend or turn, such as the knee, elbow or shoulder.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:m1:1
# text = A place in the body where two bones meet so it can bend or turn, such as the knee, elbow or shoulder.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	meet	meet	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	elbow	elbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | present | a place in the body |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bend** | can | place |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | infinitive | place *not said here* |  |  |  |  | such the knee and elbow or shoulder | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A place where two pieces of something are joined together.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:m2:1
# text = A place where two pieces of something are joined together.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
10	together	together	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present · passive |  | two pieces of something |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large piece of meat for roasting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:m3:1
# text = A large piece of meat for roasting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	roasting	roasting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shared or done together by two or more people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:m4:1
# text = Shared or done together by two or more people.
1	Shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your knee is a hinge joint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x1:1
# text = Your knee is a hinge joint.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	hinge	hinge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Your knee | a hinge joint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x2:1
# text = The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	socket	socket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the shoulder | a ball socket joint |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa's joints ache when it's cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x3:1
# text = Grandpa's joints ache when it's cold.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ache	ache	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	8	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ache** | present | Grandpa's joints |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pipe leaked at the joint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x4:1
# text = The pipe leaked at the joint.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	leaked	leak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak** | participle |  | the pipe *not said here* |  | the joint |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They were joint winners of the art prize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x5:1
# text = They were joint winners of the art prize.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	joint	joint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	winners	winner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | They | joint winners |  |  |  | of the art prize | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poster was a joint effort by the whole class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x6:1
# text = The poster was a joint effort by the whole class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	joint	joint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the poster | a joint effort |  |  |  | by the whole class | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a joint of beef for Sunday lunch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x7:1
# text = We had a joint of beef for Sunday lunch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a joint of beef for Sunday lunch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joint=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stretching keeps your joints moving well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joint:x8:1
# text = Stretching keeps your joints moving well.
1	Stretching	stretch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | present |  | your joints |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joint=Theme |
| 3 | **move** | gerund | your joints *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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