---
title: jointly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jointly» in the school dictionary: Jointly means together, shared by two or more people: «jointly owned». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jointly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** two schools, parents, Sam, They, Two families, two teachers · **What happens:** mean, share, own, do, work, organise · **To what, where:** concert, house, first prize, 600 dollars, much, project · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jointly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jointly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jointly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jointly means together, shared by two or more people: «jointly owned».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:m1:1
# text = Jointly means together, shared by two or more people: «jointly owned».
1	Jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	together	together	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	conj	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | jointly, together *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **own** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jointly means done by working as a group.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:m2:1
# text = Jointly means done by working as a group.
1	Jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | as a group | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as group=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two schools jointly organised the concert.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x1:1
# text = The two schools jointly organised the concert.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	organised	organise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **organise** | past | the two schools | the concert |  |  |  | jointly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house is jointly owned by my parents.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x2:1
# text = The house is jointly owned by my parents.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	owned	own	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **own** | present · passive | my parents | the house |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam and Ali jointly won first prize.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x3:1
# text = Sam and Ali jointly won first prize.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Ali	Ali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | Sam and Ali | first prize |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are jointly responsible for the mess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x4:1
# text = They are jointly responsible for the mess.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	responsible	responsible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | for the mess; jointly, responsible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two families jointly paid 600 dollars; how much did each pay if equal?

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x5:1
# text = Two families jointly paid 600 dollars; how much did each pay if equal?
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	600	600	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
10	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
12	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past | Two families | 600 dollars |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset |
| 2 | **pay** | past · do-support | Two families *not said here* | much |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The project was jointly run by two teachers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jointly:x6:1
# text = The project was jointly run by two teachers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | past · passive | two teachers | the project |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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