---
title: jolly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jolly» in the school dictionary: Happy, cheerful and friendly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jolly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, them, Jolly Roger, crossbones, ships, Santa · **What happens:** jolly, cheer up, keep, go, out, be · **To what, where:** someone, them, black flag, jolly man, party, jolly good work

<!-- .vabout -->
«jolly» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jolly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jolly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Happy, cheerful and friendly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:m1:1
# text = Happy, cheerful and friendly.
1	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, informal, a bit old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very, as in «jolly good» or «jolly well».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:m2:1
# text = Very, as in «jolly good» or «jolly well».
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	jolly	jolly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	jolly	jolly	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«jolly someone along» — cheer them up to keep them going.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:m3:1
# text = «jolly someone along» — cheer them up to keep them going.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	jolly	jolly	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jolly** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  | along *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cheer up** | infinitive | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **keep** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | gerund | them *= they* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, noun, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A trip or outing for fun, as in «a jolly».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:m4:1
# text = A trip or outing for fun, as in «a jolly».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	outing	out	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	jolly	jolly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for fun | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Jolly Roger is the black flag with a skull and crossbones that pirate ships flew.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:m5:1
# text = A Jolly Roger is the black flag with a skull and crossbones that pirate ships flew.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Jolly	Jolly	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Roger	Roger	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	crossbones	crossbone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pirate	pirate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Jolly Roger | the black flag |  |  |  | with a skull and crossbones | tree rules |
| 2 | **pirate** | present | crossbones |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fly** | past | ships |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Santa is a jolly man with a big laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x1:1
# text = Santa is a jolly man with a big laugh.
1	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	laugh	laugh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Santa | a jolly man |  |  |  | with a big laugh | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a jolly time at the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x2:1
# text = We had a jolly time at the party.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We |  |  | the party | time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That's jolly good work! (UK)

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* That's jolly good work!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x3:1
# text = That's jolly good work!
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | jolly good work |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (UK)

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x3:2
# text = (UK)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You'll jolly well tidy your room!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x4:1
# text = You'll jolly well tidy your room!
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	jolly	jolly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tidy** | future | You | your room |  |  |  | jolly, well *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirates sang a jolly song.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x5:1
# text = The pirates sang a jolly song.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the pirates | a jolly song |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The staff went on a jolly to the seaside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x6:1
# text = The staff went on a jolly to the seaside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jolly	jolly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the staff |  |  | a jolly |  | to the seaside | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to seaside=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She jollied us along on the long walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolly:x7:1
# text = She jollied us along on the long walk.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jollied	jolly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	along	along	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jolly** | past | She | us |  | the long walk |  | along *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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