---
title: jolt — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jolt» in the school dictionary: A sudden hard shake or bump: «The bus stopped with a jolt». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jolt

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bus, sudden shock, alarm, train, loud bang, you · **What happens:** stop, move, shake, give, shock, jolt · **To what, where:** jolt, me, someone, action, cart, seatbelt

<!-- .vabout -->
«jolt» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jolt in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jolt.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden hard shake or bump: «The bus stopped with a jolt».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:m1:1
# text = A sudden hard shake or bump: «The bus stopped with a jolt».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shake	shake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bump	bump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** *in a quote* | past | the bus |  |  |  |  | with a jolt | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with jolt=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move or shake suddenly and roughly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:m2:1
# text = To move or shake suddenly and roughly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	roughly	roughly	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **shake** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden shock or surprise: «The news gave me a jolt».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:m3:1
# text = A sudden shock or surprise: «The news gave me a jolt».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	iobj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | past | a sudden shock or surprise | a jolt | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient jolt=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shock someone into action: «The alarm jolted me awake».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:m4:1
# text = To shock someone into action: «The alarm jolted me awake».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shock	shock	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	alarm	alarm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	jolted	jolt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shock** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  | action |  |  | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent someone=Patient into action=Eventuality |
| 2 | **jolt** *in a quote* | past | the alarm | me |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The train stopped with a jolt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x1:1
# text = The train stopped with a jolt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the train |  |  |  |  | with a jolt | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with jolt=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cart jolted along the bumpy road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x2:1
# text = The cart jolted along the bumpy road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cart	cart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	jolted	jolt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bumpy	bumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jolt** | participle |  | the cart *not said here* |  |  |  | along the bumpy road | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loud bang jolted me awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x3:1
# text = A loud bang jolted me awake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bang	bang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	jolted	jolt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jolt** | past | a loud bang | me |  |  |  | awake *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus i=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear your seatbelt so a jolt doesn't throw you forward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x4:1
# text = Wear your seatbelt so a jolt doesn't throw you forward.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	seatbelt	seatbelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | your seatbelt |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent seatbelt=Source |
| 2 | **not** **throw** | present · do-support | a jolt | you |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bad news gave her a jolt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x5:1
# text = The bad news gave her a jolt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the bad news | a jolt | her *= she* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient jolt=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He got a small jolt from the electric fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x6:1
# text = He got a small jolt from the electric fence.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jolt	jolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | He | a small jolt |  | the electric fence |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent jolt=Theme from fence=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And every little while they went a little mile, and jolted so that they very nearly tumbled off.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jolt:x7:1
# text = And every little while they went a little mile, and jolted so that they very nearly tumbled off.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mile	mile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	jolted	jolt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
13	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	tumbled	tumble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	advcl	_	_
19	off	off	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | they | every little |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location mile=Theme |
| 2 | **jolt** | participle | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **tumble off** | participle | they |  |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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