---
title: jovial — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jovial» in the school dictionary: Jovial means cheerful, friendly and merry in mood. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jovial

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**Who acts:** Jovial, jovial old man, king, everyone · **What happens:** mean, tell, move, be · **To what, where:** funny jokes, jovial mood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«jovial» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jovial in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jovial.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jovial means cheerful, friendly and merry in mood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jovial:m1:1
# text = Jovial means cheerful, friendly and merry in mood.
1	Jovial	jovial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Jovial |  |  |  |  | cheerful *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jovial old man told funny jokes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jovial:x1:1
# text = The jovial old man told funny jokes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	jovial	jovial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the jovial old man | funny jokes |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent joke=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king moved with jovial impatience.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jovial:x2:1
# text = The king moved with jovial impatience.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	jovial	jovial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	impatience	impatience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the king |  |  |  |  | with jovial impatience | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the feast everyone was in a jovial mood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jovial:x3:1
# text = After the feast everyone was in a jovial mood.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	9	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	jovial	jovial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | everyone |  |  | a jovial mood | after the feast |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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