---
title: joviality — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joviality» in the school dictionary: Joviality is cheerful good humour and a happy, friendly spirit. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joviality

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**Who acts:** Joviality, Everyone, whole class · **What happens:** be, fill, join, make, laugh · **To what, where:** cheerful good humour, square, whole class

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«joviality» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joviality in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/joviality.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Joviality is cheerful good humour and a happy, friendly spirit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joviality:m1:1
# text = Joviality is cheerful good humour and a happy, friendly spirit.
1	Joviality	joviality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	humour	humour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Joviality | cheerful good humour and a happy friendly spirit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The joviality of the crowd filled the square.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joviality:x1:1
# text = The joviality of the crowd filled the square.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joviality	joviality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | the joviality of the crowd | the square |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent square=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone joined in the joviality of the feast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joviality:x2:1
# text = Everyone joined in the joviality of the feast.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	joviality	joviality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | Everyone |  |  |  |  | in the joviality of the feast | vn cooperate-73.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in joviality=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His joviality made the whole class laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joviality:x3:1
# text = His joviality made the whole class laugh.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	joviality	joviality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His joviality | the whole class |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | infinitive | the whole class *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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