---
title: joyful — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joyful» in the school dictionary: Very happy, or full of joy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joyful

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, it, puppy, church choir, you, Everyone · **What happens:** cause, use, make, praise, give, snow · **To what, where:** joy, hymns, joyful noise, God, joyful shout, joyful day · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«joyful» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joyful in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/joyful.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very happy, or full of joy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:m1:1
# text = Very happy, or full of joy.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing joy: «joyful news».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:m2:1
# text = Causing joy: «joyful news».
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | joy |  |  |  | joyful news *obl* | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition joy=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used in hymns and prayers for happy praise of God: «Make a joyful noise to the Lord».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:m3:1
# text = Used in hymns and prayers for happy praise of God: «Make a joyful noise to the Lord».
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	hymns	hymn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  | hymns and prayers |  | for happy praise of God | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | a joyful noise |  |  |  | to the Lord | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |
| 3 | **praise** |  |  | God |  |  |  |  | nom praise «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children gave a joyful shout when it snowed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x1:1
# text = The children gave a joyful shout when it snowed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	snowed	snow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the children | a joyful shout |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shout=Theme |
| 2 | **snow** | past | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a joyful day when the puppy came home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x2:1
# text = It was a joyful day when the puppy came home.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	home	home	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a joyful day |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | the puppy |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The church choir sang a joyful carol.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x3:1
# text = The church choir sang a joyful carol.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	carol	carol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the church choir | a joyful carol |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location carol=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Make a joyful noise unto the Lord.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x4:1
# text = «Make a joyful noise unto the Lord.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | a joyful noise |  |  |  | unto the Lord | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everyone was joyful at the news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x5:1
# text = Everyone was joyful at the news.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Everyone |  |  | the news |  | joyful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The families had a joyful reunion at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x6:1
# text = The families had a joyful reunion at the airport.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reunion	reunion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the families | a joyful reunion |  | the airport |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reunion=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wherever they went they met with a joyful greeting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joyful:x7:1
# text = Wherever they went they met with a joyful greeting.
1	Wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	greeting	greeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | they |  |  |  |  | wherever *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **meet** | past | they |  |  |  |  | with a joyful greeting | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with greeting=Co-Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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