---
title: joystick — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «joystick» in the school dictionary: A joystick is a lever that you push in any direction to control a video game, a computer or a machine. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# joystick

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** joystick, you, game controller, pilot, crane driver, Grandad · **What happens:** be, push, control, use, steer, leave · **To what, where:** lever, direction, video game, control stick, joystick, car turn

<!-- .vabout -->
«joystick» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [joystick in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/joystick.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A joystick is a lever that you push in any direction to control a video game, a computer or a machine.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:m1:1
# text = A joystick is a lever that you push in any direction to control a video game, a computer or a machine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lever	lever	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	push	push	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a joystick | a lever |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **push** | present | you | a lever |  | any direction |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent that=Theme in direction=Trajectory |
| 3 | **control** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a video game |  |  |  |  | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A joystick is also the control stick of an aeroplane, used by the pilot to steer it.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:m2:1
# text = A joystick is also the control stick of an aeroplane, used by the pilot to steer it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	steer	steer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a joystick | the control stick |  |  |  | of a aeroplane | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | the control stick *not said here* |  |  |  | by the pilot | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **steer** | to-infinitive |  | joystick |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Push the joystick left to make the car turn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x1:1
# text = Push the joystick left to make the car turn.
1	Push	push	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | imperative | you *not said here* | the joystick |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joystick=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | the joystick *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | the car turn |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset turn=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My game controller has two joysticks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x2:1
# text = My game controller has two joysticks.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	controller	controller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	joysticks	joystick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My game controller | two joysticks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joystick=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pilot pulled back on the joystick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x3:1
# text = The pilot pulled back on the joystick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pilot	pilot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull back** | past | the pilot |  |  |  |  | on the joystick | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on joystick=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A joystick is an input device.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x4:1
# text = A joystick is an input device.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	input	input	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a joystick | a input device |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crane driver used a joystick to lift the beam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x5:1
# text = The crane driver used a joystick to lift the beam.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	crane	crane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the crane driver | a joystick |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joystick=Patient |
| 2 | **lift** | to-infinitive | the crane driver *not said here* | the beam |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beam=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad steers his electric wheelchair with a small joystick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:joystick:x6:1
# text = Grandad steers his electric wheelchair with a small joystick.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	steers	steer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wheelchair	wheelchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	joystick	joystick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steer** | present | Grandad | Grandad's electric wheelchair |  |  |  | with a small joystick | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheelchair=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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