---
title: jr — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jr» in the school dictionary: Jr is short for «Junior», added after a man's name when he has the same name as his father, such as Martin Luther King Jr. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jr

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jr, man, It, Martin, Mr, name · **What happens:** be, add, have, name, mean, read · **To what, where:** same name, younger level, great leader, son, Robert, speech

<!-- .vabout -->
«jr» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jr in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jr.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jr is short for «Junior», added after a man's name when he has the same name as his father, such as Martin Luther King Jr.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:m1:1
# text = Jr is short for «Junior», added after a man's name when he has the same name as his father, such as Martin Luther King Jr.
1	Jr	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Junior	junior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	27	case	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	25	fixed	_	_
27	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
28	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	_
29	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	_
30	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Jr |  |  |  |  | for Junior; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle | Jr *not said here* |  |  |  | after a man's name |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **have** | present | Jr *= jr.* | the same name |  |  |  | as Jr's father | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 4 | **name** |  | a man |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can also mean junior in other short forms, such as on sports teams or school forms, meaning younger or lower level.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:m2:1
# text = It can also mean junior in other short forms, such as on sports teams or school forms, meaning younger or lower level.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	junior	junior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sports	sport	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	compound	_	_
15	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
21	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	24	amod	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	21	conj	_	_
24	level	level	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | It |  |  |  |  | junior *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund |  | younger level |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent level=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Martin Luther King Jr. was a great leader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x1:1
# text = Martin Luther King Jr. was a great leader.
1	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Martin | a great leader |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Smith Jr. is the son of Mr Smith Sr.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x2:1
# text = Mr Smith Jr. is the son of Mr Smith Sr.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
10	Sr.	sr.	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mr | the son |  |  |  | of Mr | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His name is Robert Brown Jr., named after his dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x3:1
# text = His name is Robert Brown Jr., named after his dad.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Robert	Robert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	Brown	Brown	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | His name | Robert |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | Robert *not said here* |  |  | after Robert's dad |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **name** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read a speech by Martin Luther King Jr.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x4:1
# text = We read a speech by Martin Luther King Jr.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	Luther	Luther	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:desc	_	_
9	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a speech |  |  |  | by Martin | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speech=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jr is short for Junior.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x5:1
# text = Jr is short for Junior.
1	Jr	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Junior	junior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Jr |  |  |  |  | for Junior; short *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jr team plays on Saturday mornings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x6:1
# text = The jr team plays on Saturday mornings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	jr	jr	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Saturday	Saturday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	mornings	morning	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | the jr team |  |  |  | morning |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the form, write Jr after your name if you have one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x7:1
# text = On the form, write Jr after your name if you have one.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Jr	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | Jr |  | the form | after your name |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent jr.=Theme on form=Destination |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | one |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient |
| 3 | **name** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sammy Davis Jr. was a famous singer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jr:x8:1
# text = Sammy Davis Jr. was a famous singer.
1	Sammy	Sammy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Davis	Davis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Jr.	Jr.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	nmod:desc	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	singer	singer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sammy  Jr. | a famous singer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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