---
title: judas — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «judas» in the school dictionary: Judas Iscariot was one of Jesus' twelve disciples who betrayed him to the authorities for thirty pieces of silver, giving him away with a kiss. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# judas

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Judas, twelve disciples, disciple, Peter, friend, handshake · **What happens:** be, betray, give away, have, pay, deny · **To what, where:** one, Judas, anyone, friend, strong insult, same name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«judas» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [judas in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/judas.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judas Iscariot was one of Jesus' twelve disciples who betrayed him to the authorities for thirty pieces of silver, giving him away with a kiss.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:m1:1
# text = Judas Iscariot was one of Jesus' twelve disciples who betrayed him to the authorities for thirty pieces of silver, giving him away with a kiss.
1	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Iscariot	Iscariot	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	'	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	disciples	disciple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	iobj	_	_
24	away	away	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Judas | one |  |  |  | of Jesus's twelve disciples | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | past | Jesus's twelve disciples | Judas |  |  |  | to the authorities; for thirty pieces of silver | tree rules |
| 3 | **give away** | gerund | Jesus's twelve disciples *not said here* |  | Judas |  |  | with a kiss; away *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Judas is anyone who betrays a friend; it is a strong insult.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:m2:1
# text = A Judas is anyone who betrays a friend; it is a strong insult.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Judas | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **betray** | present |  | a friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Judas | a strong insult |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Another disciple, Jude (Judas son of James), had the same name but was faithful.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:m3:1
# text = Another disciple, Jude (Judas son of James), had the same name but was faithful.
1	Another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	disciple	disciple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Jude	Jude	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | another disciple | the same name |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | another disciple *not said here* |  |  |  |  | faithful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x1:1
# text = Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss in the garden.
1	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **betray** | past | Judas | Jesus |  | the garden |  | with a kiss | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judas was paid thirty pieces of silver.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x2:1
# text = Judas was paid thirty pieces of silver.
1	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past · passive |  | Judas |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Recipient piece=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peter denied Jesus, but Judas betrayed him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x3:1
# text = Peter denied Jesus, but Judas betrayed him.
1	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	denied	deny	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Jesus	Jesus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	betrayed	betray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deny** | past | Peter | Jesus |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent jesus=Eventuality |
| 2 | **betray** | past | Judas | Jesus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You Judas!" shouted Sam when his friend told the secret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x4:1
# text = "You Judas!" shouted Sam when his friend told the secret.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | Judas | Sam |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sam=Topic |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Judas's friend | the secret |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent secret=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the betrayal, Judas was full of sorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x5:1
# text = After the betrayal, Judas was full of sorrow.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	betrayal	betrayal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Judas |  |  |  | after the betrayal | of sorrow; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The traitor's handshake was a Judas kiss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judas:x6:1
# text = The traitor's handshake was a Judas kiss.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	handshake	handshake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Judas	Judas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	kiss	kiss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the traitor's handshake | a Judas kiss |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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