---
title: judgment — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «judgment» in the school dictionary: Judgment is the ability to make good, sensible decisions. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# judgment

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Judgment, you, Christians, God, your, She · **What happens:** be, make, form, think, believe, judge · **To what, where:** ability, opinion, decision, people, end, judgment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«judgment» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [judgment in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/judgment.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judgment is the ability to make good, sensible decisions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:m1:1
# text = Judgment is the ability to make good, sensible decisions.
1	Judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	sensible	sensible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	decisions	decision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Judgment | the ability and sensible decisions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A judgment is an opinion you form after thinking about something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:m2:1
# text = A judgment is an opinion you form after thinking about something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a judgment | a opinion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **form** | present | you | a opinion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location opinion=Theme |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | about something | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about something=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A judgment is a decision made by a judge or a court.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:m3:1
# text = A judgment is a decision made by a judge or a court.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a judgment | a decision |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a decision *not said here* |  |  |  | by a judge or a court | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible, church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judgment Day or the Last Judgment is when, Christians believe, God will judge all people at the end of time.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:m4:1
# text = Judgment Day or the Last Judgment is when, Christians believe, God will judge all people at the end of time.
1	Judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	Judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	det	_	_
17	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | when *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **judge** | future | God | all people |  |  | at the end of time |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent people=Attribute at end=Value |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use your judgment and stay away from the riverbank in a flood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x1:1
# text = Use your judgment and stay away from the riverbank in a flood.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
6	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	riverbank	riverbank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	flood	flood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | your judgment |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgment=Patient |
| 2 | **stay away** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  | the riverbank |  | in a flood; away *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in flood=Location |
| 3 | **judge** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed good judgment when she told a teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x2:1
# text = She showed good judgment when she told a teacher.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | good judgment |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent judgment=Recipient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | she |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge gave her judgment in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x3:1
# text = The judge gave her judgment in the afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the judge | judge's judgment |  |  | afternoon |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgment=Theme |
| 2 | **judge** |  | judge |  |  |  |  |  | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pass judgment on him before you know the facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x4:1
# text = Don't pass judgment on him before you know the facts.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pass** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | judgment |  |  |  | on him *= he* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent judgment=Theme on he=Destination |
| 2 | **know** | present | you | the facts |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer fact=Stimulus |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's a judgment call whether to play in the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x5:1
# text = It's a judgment call whether to play in the rain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	call	call	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a judgment call |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the rain |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Against my better judgment, I ate the whole bag of sweets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x6:1
# text = Against my better judgment, I ate the whole bag of sweets.
1	Against	against	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | I | the whole bag of sweets |  |  |  | against my better judgment | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Patient |
| 2 | **judge** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom judgment «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians believe in a final Judgment Day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x7:1
# text = Christians believe in a final Judgment Day.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Day	Day	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians |  |  |  | in a final Judgment Day |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I can imagine no better judgment."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judgment:x8:1
# text = "I can imagine no better judgment."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	imagine	imagine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **imagine** *in a quote* | can | I | better judgment |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot judgment=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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