---
title: judo — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «judo» in the school dictionary: Judo is a Japanese martial art and Olympic sport in which you try to throw or hold down your opponent using balance and skill, not punches or kicks. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# judo

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Judo, you, opponent, I, She, Judo players · **What happens:** be, try, throw, hold down, use, go · **To what, where:** Japanese martial art, opponent, balance, yellow belt, judo, Olympic sport · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«judo» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [judo in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/judo.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judo is a Japanese martial art and Olympic sport in which you try to throw or hold down your opponent using balance and skill, not punches or kicks.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:m1:1
# text = Judo is a Japanese martial art and Olympic sport in which you try to throw or hold down your opponent using balance and skill, not punches or kicks.
1	Judo	Judo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	martial	martial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	try	try	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	throw	throw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	hold	hold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	conj	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	using	use	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	balance	balance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	punches	punch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
28	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	kicks	kick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Judo | a Japanese martial art and Olympic sport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **try** | present | you |  |  | a Japanese martial art and Olympic sport |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **throw** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **hold down** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your opponent |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opponent=Theme |
| 5 | **use** | gerund | your opponent *not said here* | balance and skill and punches or kicks |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent balance=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I go to judo every Thursday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x1:1
# text = I go to judo every Thursday.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	judo	judo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	Thursday	Thursday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **judo** | infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  | thursday |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got her yellow belt in judo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x2:1
# text = She got her yellow belt in judo.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | her yellow belt |  | judo |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer belt=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In judo you learn to fall without getting hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x3:1
# text = In judo you learn to fall without getting hurt.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	getting	get	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | you |  |  | judo |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fall** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **hurt** | gerund · passive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judo players bow to each other before a match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x4:1
# text = Judo players bow to each other before a match.
1	Judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bow	bow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	3	obl	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	fixed	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | present | Judo players |  |  |  | before a match | to each | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to each=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judo is an Olympic sport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x5:1
# text = Judo is an Olympic sport.
1	Judo	Judo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Judo | a Olympic sport |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He threw his partner onto the mat with a judo move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x6:1
# text = He threw his partner onto the mat with a judo move.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | He | his partner |  | the mat |  | with a judo move | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent partner=Theme onto mat=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Judo means «the gentle way» in Japanese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x7:1
# text = Judo means «the gentle way» in Japanese.
1	Judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	gentle	gentle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Japanese	Japanese	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Judo | the gentle way in Japanese |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wear a white jacket called a judogi for judo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:judo:x8:1
# text = We wear a white jacket called a judogi for judo.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	judogi	judogi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	judo	judo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | We | a white jacket |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent jacket=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a white jacket *not said here* | a judogi |  |  |  | for judo | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent judogi=Theme for judo=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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