---
title: jug — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «jug» in the school dictionary: A jug is a container with a handle and a spout (lip) for pouring liquids like water, milk or juice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# jug

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** jug, measuring jug, much liquid, She, glass, you · **What happens:** be, hold, have, show, pour, need · **To what, where:** container, amount, lines, side, jug, 2 litres · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«jug» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [jug in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/jug.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jug is a container with a handle and a spout (lip) for pouring liquids like water, milk or juice.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:m1:1
# text = A jug is a container with a handle and a spout (lip) for pouring liquids like water, milk or juice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	container	container	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	handle	handle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	spout	spout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	lip	lip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	pouring	pouring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	liquids	liquid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jug | a container and milk or juice |  |  |  | with a handle and a spout for pouring liquids like water | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jug of something is the amount a jug holds: a jug of lemonade.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:m2:1
# text = A jug of something is the amount a jug holds: a jug of lemonade.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	lemonade	lemonade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a jug of something | the amount |  |  |  | a jug of lemonade *nmod* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | a jug | the amount *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent amount=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A measuring jug has lines on its side to show how much liquid is in it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:m3:1
# text = A measuring jug has lines on its side to show how much liquid is in it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
12	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a measuring jug | lines |  | jug's side |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |
| 2 | **show** | to-infinitive | a measuring jug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | much liquid |  |  | jug |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A jug holds 2 litres of juice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x1:1
# text = A jug holds 2 litres of juice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | a jug | 2 litres of juice |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She pours 5 glasses from the jug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x2:1
# text = She pours 5 glasses from the jug.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pours	pour	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | present | She | 5 glasses |  | the jug |  |  | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent glass=Theme from jug=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many jugs are needed for 10 litres?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x3:1
# text = How many jugs are needed for 10 litres?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	jugs	jug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | many jugs |  |  |  | for 10 litres | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each glass takes 200 ml from the jug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x4:1
# text = Each glass takes 200 ml from the jug.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	ml	ml	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | each glass | 200 ml |  | the jug |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent ml=Theme from jug=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fill the measuring jug up to the 500 ml line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x5:1
# text = Fill the measuring jug up to the 500 ml line.
1	Fill	fill	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	jug	jug	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	ml	ml	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **jug up** | present | the measuring |  |  |  |  | to the ml line | vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's a jug of water on every table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x6:1
# text = There's a jug of water on every table.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a jug of water on every table |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He knocked over the milk jug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x7:1
# text = He knocked over the milk jug.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock over** | past | He | the milk jug |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent jug=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum made a big jug of lemonade for the party.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:jug:x8:1
# text = Mum made a big jug of lemonade for the party.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	jug	jug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lemonade	lemonade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mum | a big jug of lemonade |  |  |  | for the party | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent jug=Material for party=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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